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Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n Lecciones de Historia de la Filosof\u00eda [Vorlesungen \u00fcber die Geschichte der Philosophie] \/ Primera parte: La Filosof\u00eda Griega [Erster Teil: Griechische Philosophie] \/ Secci\u00f3n Primera: de Tales a Arist\u00f3teles [Erster Abschnitt. Von Thales bis Aristoteles] \/ Cap\u00edtulo 3: Plat\u00f3n y Arist\u00f3teles [Drittes Kapitel: Platon und Aristoteles] \/ A. Plat\u00f3n [A. Philosophie des Platon]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n Nach der Hinrichtung des Sokrates floh er wie viele andere Philosophen aus Athen und begab sich, wie schon erw\u00e4hnt, zu Euklid nach Megara. (Acht Jahre hatte er mit Sokrates Umgang, vom 20. Jahre an.) Von Megara ging er dann bald auf Reisen, zuerst nach Kyrene in Afrika, wo er sich besonders auf Mathematik unter Anleitung des ber\u00fchmten Mathematikers Theodoros legte, den er auch in mehreren seiner Dialoge als mitsprechende Person einf\u00fchrt. Platon selbst brachte es in der Mathematik bald zu hoher Fertigkeit. Es wird ihm die L\u00f6sung des delischen oder delphischen Problems zugeschrieben, das vom Orakel aufgegeben wurde und sich \u00e4hnlich dem Pythagoreischen Lehrsatze auf den Kubus bezieht, n\u00e4mlich die Verzeichnung einer Linie anzugeben, deren Kubus gleich sei der Summe von zwei gegebenen Kubis. Dieses erfordert Konstruktion durch zwei Kurven. Bemerkenswert ist, welche Art von Aufgaben die Orakel jetzt gemacht haben. Es war bei einer Seuche, wo man sich an das Orakel wandte, und da gab es diese ganz wissenschaftliche Aufgabe; es ist eine Ver\u00e4nderung im Geiste der Orakel, die h\u00f6chst merkw\u00fcrdig ist. Von Kyrene ging Platon nach \u00c4gypten, vorz\u00fcglich aber bald darauf nach Gro\u00dfgriechenland, wo er teils die Pythagoreer der damaligen Zeit, Archytas von Tarent, den ber\u00fchmten Mathematiker, kennenlernte, bei dem er die pythagoreische Philosophie studierte, teils die Schriften der \u00e4lteren Pythagoreer um schweres Geld einkaufte. Auf Sizilien hat er Freundschaft mit Dion gekn\u00fcpft. \u00bbNach Athen zur\u00fcckgekehrt, trat er in der Akademie als Lehrer auf, einem Haine oder Spaziergange, in dem sich ein Gymnasium befand, sich mit seinen [15] Sch\u00fclern unterhaltend. Die Anlage war gemacht zur Ehre des Heros Akademos\u00ab; aber Platon ist der wahre Heros der Akademie geworden, der die alte Bedeutung des Namens der Akademie verdr\u00e4ngt und den Heros verdunkelt hat, damit dieser unter Platons Schutz, der sich an seine Stelle setzte, auf die Nachwelt komme.<\/span><\/p>\n Zum n\u00e4chsten Fragment gehen<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Zum vorherigen Fragment gehen<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Zum Anfang dieser Seite<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Zum Index<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Ya hemos dicho que Plat\u00f3n, despu\u00e9s de la ejecuci\u00f3n de S\u00f3crates, huy\u00f3 de Atenas, como hicieron muchos otros fil\u00f3sofos, y se traslad\u00f3 a Megara, cerca de Euclides. Desde all\u00ed, emprendi\u00f3 en seguida varios viajes, el primero de ellos a la ciudad de Cirene, en \u00c1frica, donde se dedic\u00f3 principalmente al estudio de las matem\u00e1ticas bajo la direcci\u00f3n del famoso matem\u00e1tico Teodoro, que figura como interlocutor en algunos de sus di\u00e1logos. Plat\u00f3n no tard\u00f3 en rayar a gran altura en esta ciencia. Se le atribuye la soluci\u00f3n del llamado problema d\u00e9lico o d\u00e9lfico, propuesto por el or\u00e1culo y referente al cubo, lo mismo que el principio pitag\u00f3rico, problema que consist\u00eda en trazar una l\u00ednea cuyo cubo fuese igual a la suma de dos cubos dados. La soluci\u00f3n de este problema requer\u00eda una construcci\u00f3n a base de dos curvas. No deja de ser curioso que el or\u00e1culo se dedique ahora a plantear problemas de esta clase; consultado con motivo de una peste, propuso este problema absolutamente cient\u00edfico; este cambio de actitud en el esp\u00edritu del or\u00e1culo de Delfos es extraordinariamente interesante. Desde Cirene, Plat\u00f3n pas\u00f3 a Italia y a Egipto. En la Magna Grecia, conoci\u00f3 a una parte de los pitag\u00f3ricos de aquel tiempo, a Arquitas de Tarento, el famoso matem\u00e1tico, a Filolao y a otros, y adquiri\u00f3 por una suma considerable de dinero los escritos de otros pensadores de esta escuela, los m\u00e1s antiguos. En Sicilia, trab\u00f3 amistad con Di\u00f3n. De vuelta en Atenas, entr\u00f3 como maestro en la Academia, donde conversaba con sus disc\u00edpulos. La Academia era un bosquecillo o paseo consagrado al h\u00e9roe Academo, en el cual se levantaba un gimnasio.1<\/a><\/sup>Di\u00f3genes Laercio, III, 6 ss., 9, 18-21; Plat\u00f3n, Cartas<\/i>, VII<\/a>, pp. 326 s. (pp. 431-433).<\/span> Pero el verdadero h\u00e9roe de la Academia acab\u00f3 siendo Plat\u00f3n, quien desplaz\u00f3 el antiguo significado del nombre de este lugar y oscureci\u00f3 al h\u00e9roe a quien estaba consagrado, haciendo que pasara a la posteridad bajo la \u00e9gida y la gloria del suyo propio.<\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ<\/span>\u0113<\/span>ns caput<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Following the death of Socrates, <\/span>Plato<\/span> went to [see] Euclid in Megara, after which he went to Cyrene in Africa, where, under the guidance of Diodorus, he applied himself in particular to mathematics, at which he soon became highly proficient <\/span>X8X<\/a>.<\/span> Plato is said to have solved the \u2018Delian problem\u2019, which pertains to the cube in a way similar to the Pythagorean theorem. The problem involves drawing a line the cube of which equals the sum of two other given cubes. Plato solved it by means of the hyperbola <\/span>X9X<\/a>. I<\/span>t is worth noting the type of task that oracles were now setting. People turned to the oracle in time of need, and the oracle posed that wholly scientific task as the way to ward off plague. This indicates a great change in the spirit of oracles, a change that is most remarkable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Plato is said to have traveled from Cyrene to Egypt, but the account is obscure. He went most notably to Magna Graecia, where he made the acquaintance of Archytas of Tarentum, a Pythagorean with whom he studied mathematics and Pythagorean philosophy, and from whom he bought at a high price some writings of the earlier Pythagoreans. In Sicily he formed a friendship with Dion. Upon returning to Athens he began to teach in the Academy\u2014<\/span><\/span><\/strong>a promenade in which there was a gymnasium. This establishment had been set up to honor the obscure hero Academus, but in fact Plato is the hero who stepped into his place X10X<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Diogenes Laertius <\/span>(<\/span>Lives<\/i><\/span> 3.6; Hicks, i. 280-1) speaks of Theodorus, a mathematician who later taught in Athens and is depicted as a character in Plato\u2019s <\/span>Theaetetus<\/i><\/span>. Perhaps Hegel misspoke, for <\/span>t<\/span>wo of our sources <\/span>(<\/span>Gr, Lw.} made the correction to \u2018<\/span>T<\/span>heodorus\u2019.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Hippocrates of Chi<\/span>o<\/span>s <\/span>(<\/span>c.470-400 <\/span>BC)<\/span> and Archytas of Tarentum <\/span>(fl. <\/span>fourth century <\/span>BC<\/span>) were among the Greek mathematicians who sought to solve the \u2018Delian problem\u2019, so named from a traditional account of the Delians\u2019 effort to double the size of a cube-shaped altar. Hegel may have known about it from Eutocius\u2019 commentary on Archimedes, as treated in the annotated translation by Hegel\u2019s fellow student at <\/span>T\u00fc<\/span>bingen, <\/span>Karl <\/span>Friedrich Hauber, <\/span>Arc<\/i><\/span>hi<\/i><\/span>me<\/i><\/span>ds <\/i><\/span>zwey <\/i><\/span>B\u00fcch<\/i><\/span>er <\/i><\/span>\u00fc<\/i><\/span>ber Kugel und Cylinder\u2026<\/i><\/span> T\u00fcb<\/span>ingen, 1793), 67 ff., a volume cited in the <\/span>Science of Logic<\/i><\/span> (<\/span>p. 209); see <\/span>GW<\/i><\/span> xxi. 200. Actually the solution by means of the hyperbola is credited to the geometer Menaechmus, one of Plato\u2019s friends.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Diogenes Laertius <\/span>(<\/span>Lives<\/i><\/span> 3.6-7; Hicks, i. 280~3) gives Plato\u2019s travel sequence as Cyrene\u2013<\/span>It<\/span>aly\u2013Egypt, and recounts his contacts with Egyptian priests. Tennemann <\/span>(<\/span>Geschichte<\/i><\/span>, ii. 197) highlights Plato\u2019s friendship with Pythagoreans and especially with Archytas of Tarentum. Diogenes (<\/span>Lives<\/i><\/span> 3.21-2; Hicks, i, 296-7} and Plato\u2019s Seventh Epistle (338c-9e; Bury, pp. 520-7) mention Plato\u2019s acquaintance with Archytas only in connection with his second trip to Sicily. The ancient sources do not expressly state that Plato studied mathematics and Pythagorean philosophy with Archytas, and Diogenes (3.8; Hicks, i, 284-5) says that Dion purchased the writings for him, from Philolaus; W. xiv. 173-4 treats the study and the purchase as distinct enterprises. The Seventh Epistle (327a-b; Bury, pp. 484-7) recounts Plato\u2019s acquaintance with Dion on his first trip to Sicily. Diogenes (3.7; Hicks, i. 282-<\/span>3)<\/span> tells of the founding of the Academy, named for the grove honoring Hecademus.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Go to the next fragment<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Back to the previous fragmente<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Platon-Parriba-266x300.png\")
<\/p>\nVorlesungen im Atrium Philosophicum \u00a75
\n<\/span><\/h1>\nPrael<\/span>\u0113<\/span>cti<\/span>\u014d<\/span>n<\/span>\u0113<\/span>s in <\/span>\u0100<\/span>tri<\/span>\u014d<\/span> Philosophic<\/span>\u014d \u00a75
\n<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\nLectures at the Atrium Philosophicum \u00a75
\n<\/span><\/h1>\nSome clarifications<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
X<\/span>8<\/span>X<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
X<\/span>9X<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
X10X<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n