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{"id":14762,"date":"2025-11-13T00:29:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14762"},"modified":"2025-11-14T14:53:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T14:53:08","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-036","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-036\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 036"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ II<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 36<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">Las Leyes comparan la relaci\u00f3n entre el ciudadano y la patria, la ciudad o las leyes con la relaci\u00f3n entre los hijos y su padre, es decir, una relaci\u00f3n que no se basa en un <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">acuerdo o <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">o pacto. \u00bfQu\u00e9 dimensi\u00f3n alcanza la obediencia a la ley, de acuerdo con las Leyes? Estas no dicen nada acerca de alg\u00fan l\u00edmite a esa obediencia. Debemos suponer, entonces, que exigen una obediencia irrestricta, pasiva y activa. Sin <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">embargo, <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">las Leyes pueden estar equivocadas en sus <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">exigencias;<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> no pretenden poseer una sabidur\u00eda sobrehumana ni ser de origen divino (cf. <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Leyes<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">, 624a<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">1<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">-6 y 634e<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">1<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">-2), y <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">tampoco <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">dicen ser divinas: no lo son m\u00e1s que la mujer que se le <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">apareci\u00f3 a S\u00f3crates<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> en su sue\u00f1o. (En el <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Crit\u00f3n<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> no se <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">presenta<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> a los atenienses como engendrados y educados por dioses; v\u00e9ase <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Timeo<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">, <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">24d5-6.) <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">Las Leyes pueden creer que algo es justo sin que lo sea; en consecuencia, se puede tratar de <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">persuadir a <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">la patria o a la ciudad de que desista de su <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">demanda, pero si se fracasa en el <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">intento es preciso hacer lo <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">solicitado. <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">(No se dice aqu\u00ed que se deba procurar convencer a las Leyes, porque las cosas que uno est\u00e1 legalmente obligado a hacer no suelen estar determinadas por las leyes, sino por decisiones pol\u00edticas o judiciales.) Las Leyes se refieren al <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">caso <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">particular de S\u00f3crates: este afirma estar verdaderame<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">nte<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> preocupado por la virtud y, en consecuencia, tiene una obligaci\u00f3n especial. Pero S\u00f3crates hab\u00eda aludido precis<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">amente<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> a la cuesti\u00f3n de si deb\u00eda o pod\u00eda obedecer una ley que le prohibiera, en forma expl\u00edcita o impl\u00edcita, filosofar, es <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">decir, ocuparse en verdad de la virtud, y dijo que no <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">la obedec<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">er\u00eda (<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">, 29c6<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">d5).<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> En lo que respecta al <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">argumento<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> de las Leyes de que hay que obedecer las leyes sin restricciones, a\u00fan m\u00e1s de lo que un hijo debe obedecer a su padre, basta con pensar en el caso de un padre insano, <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">contra <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">quien se puede usar el enga\u00f1o e incluso la fuerza en su propio inter\u00e9s, y preguntarse si las ciudades son incapaces de promulgar leyes insanas. Sea como fuere, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crit%C3%B3n_de_Atenas\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">Crit\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\"> est\u00e1 completamente satisfecho de que las Leyes digan la verdad, tan completamente satisfecho como lo habr\u00eda estado ese otro padre, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C3%A9falo_de_Siracusa\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">C\u00e9falo<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-037\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-035\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-036\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 36<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The Laws compare the relation between the citizen and the fatherland, the city, or the laws to the relation between children and their father, <i>i.e<\/i>., to a relation not based on agreement or compact. How far does the duty of obedience to the law extend according to the Laws? They say nothing about any limits to that obedience. We must then assume that they demand unqualified obedience, passive and active. Yet the Laws may be mistaken in what they demand; they do not raise a claim to superhuman wisdom or to be of divine origin (cf. <i>Laws<\/i> 624a1-6 and 634e1-2) or to be divine\u2014as little as does the woman who appeared to Socrates in his dream. (The Athenians are not presented in the <i>Crito<\/i> as generated and educated by gods; see <i>Timaeus<\/i> 24d5-6.) The Laws may believe that something is just without its being so; one may therefore try to persuade the fatherland or the city to desist from its demand, but if one fails therein, one must do as one is told. (They do not say here that one must try to persuade the Laws, for the things which one is legally commanded to do are frequently determined not by the laws as such but by political or judicial decisions.) The Laws refer to Socrates\u2019 special case: he claims to be truly concerned with virtue and is therefore under a special obligation. But precisely Socrates had touched on the question as to whether he would or could obey a law forbidding him, explicitly or implicitly, to philosophize, <i>i.e<\/i>., to be truly concerned with virtue, and he said that he would not (<i>Apology of Socrates<\/i> 29c6-d5). As for the Laws\u2019 argument that one must unqualifiedly obey the laws even more than the son must obey his father, it is sufficient to think of the case of an insane father against whom one may use deception and even force in his own interest and to wonder whether cities are incapable of passing insane laws. Be this as it may, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crito_of_Alopece\">Kriton<\/a> is fully satisfied that the Laws say the truth, as fully as that other father, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_(Plato)#Cephalus_(328e%E2%80%93331d)\">Kephalos<\/a>, would have been.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-037\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-035\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-036\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-037\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-035\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-036\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14762","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14762"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14808,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14762\/revisions\/14808"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14762"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}