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{"id":14738,"date":"2025-11-13T00:01:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14738"},"modified":"2025-11-13T00:13:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:13:01","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 033"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ II<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\">***<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 33<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">S\u00f3crates llama la atenci\u00f3n de <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crit%C3%B3n_de_Atenas\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">Crit\u00f3n<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\"> acerca de la <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">gravedad <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">del tema sobre el cual estuvieron de acuerdo y todav\u00eda lo est\u00e1n. S\u00f3lo unos pocos comparten esas opiniones, y <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">quienes <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">las sostienen y quienes no lo hacen no pueden deliberar en conjunto; no tienen un terreno com\u00fan y se exponen a <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">menospreciar <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">sus respectivas reflexiones. <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>La<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> escisi\u00f3n entre estos hombres ya no se da entre conocedores e ignorantes ni entre fil\u00f3sofos y no fil\u00f3sofos (la palabra \u00abfil\u00f3sofo\u00bb no aparece en el <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Crit\u00f3n<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">), es decir, entre los pocos que sostienen y los muchos que no sostienen que la vida sin examen no es digna de ser vivida, sino entre quienes afirman que no se debe <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">pagar mal con mal y <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">quienes sostienen que eso se puede y <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">hasta se <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">debe hacer. Uno tal vez se pregunte c\u00f3mo puede haber una ciudad si no hay deliberaci\u00f3n com\u00fan entre esos pocos y estos muchos. \u00bfAcaso es un requisito previo de la <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">ciudadan\u00eda <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">que uno crea en el derecho a pagar mal con mal? Pero, \u00bfla ciudad no es entonces radicalmente injusta? Sea como fuere, S\u00f3crates admite ahora, como al pasar, que podemos defendemos cuando padecemos un mal, pero pone el acento en el hecho de que, al hacerlo as\u00ed, no debemos causar un mal en represalia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">La cuesti\u00f3n que S\u00f3crates y Crit\u00f3n tienen que decidir es si, al alejarse \u00abde aqu\u00ed\u00bb sin haber persuadido \u00aba la ciudad\u00bb, \u00abnosotros\u00bb hacemos un mal a \u00abalgunos\u00bb e incluso a aquellos a quienes menos deber\u00edamos perjudicar. La diferencia entre S\u00f3crates y Crit\u00f3n es ahora irrelevante. Con anterioridad, el primero hab\u00eda hablado de alejarse sin el permiso o contra la voluntad de los atenienses <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">48b2<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\">&#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">48c1<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-012\/\"><span lang=\"es-ES\">48e3<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"es-ES\">); <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">ahora, reemplaza a \u00ablos atenienses\u00bb por \u00abla ciudad\u00bb, porque \u00ablos atenienses\u00bb son \u00abmuchos\u00bb y hasta \u00abla mayor\u00eda\u00bb. En lo que sigue, el lugar de \u00ablos atenienses\u00bb, en el sentido que tiene la expresi\u00f3n en los dos pasajes indicados, aparece ocupado particularmente por \u00abla patria\u00bb: \u00ablos atenienses\u00bb y \u00abla patria\u00bb se registran siete veces cada uno en el <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"><i>Crit\u00f3n<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">. En la continuaci\u00f3n, <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">S\u00f3crates<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> habla de \u00abla patria\u00bb y, con mucha m\u00e1s frecuencia, de \u00abla ciudad\u00bb (y sus derivados) y de \u00ablas leyes\u00bb (y sus derivados), esto es, usa expresiones que nunca aparecieron antes, al mismo tiempo que ya no hay ninguna referencia a \u00abla <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">mayor\u00eda\u00bb.<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\"> Al actuar sin el permiso de la ciudad, perjudican a \u00ab<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">algunos<\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">\u00bb: <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">no <\/span><span lang=\"es-ES\">da\u00f1an a todos los hombres.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-034\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 33<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Socrates draws <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crito_of_Alopece\">Kriton<\/a>\u2019s attention to the gravity of the matter on which they agreed and still agree. Only some few share these opinions; and those who hold them and those who do not cannot deliberate in common; they have no common ground, and they are bound to despise one another\u2019s deliberations. <i>The<\/i> cleavage among men is no longer that between knowers and ignoramuses, or between the philosophers and the non-philosophers (\u201cphilosopher\u201d does not occur in the <i>Crito<\/i>), <i>i.e<\/i>., between the few who hold and the many who do not hold that the unexamined life is not worth living, but that between those who hold that one may not requite evil with evil and those who hold that one may, or even ought to, do it. One may wonder how there can be a city if there is no common deliberation between those few and these many. Or is it a pre-requisite of citizenship that one believe in the right of requiting evil with evil? But is then the city not radically unjust? Be this as it may, Socrates admits now as it were in passing that we may defend ourselves when we suffer evil, but he lays stress on the fact that in doing so we must not do evil in return.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">The question which Socrates and Kriton have to decide is whether by going away \u201cfrom here\u201d without having persuaded \u201c\u2018the city\u201d \u201cwe\u201d inflict evil on \u201csome\u201d and even on those whom one ought to harm least. The difference between Socrates and Kriton is now irrelevant. Previously Socrates had spoken of going away without the permission, or against the will, of the Athenians (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">48b2<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">&#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">48<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">c1<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-012\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">48<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">e3<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">); now he replaces \u201cthe Athenians\u201d by \u201cthe city,\u201d because \u201cthe Athenians\u201d are \u201cmany\u201d or even \u201cthe many.\u201d The place of \u201c\u2018the Athenians\u201d in the meaning which the expression has in the two indicated passages is taken in the sequel particularly by \u201cthe fatherland\u201d: \u201cthe Athenians\u201d and \u201c\u2018the fatherland\u2019\u2019 occur each seven times in the <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Crito<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">. <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">I<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">n the sequel Socrates speaks of \u201cthe fatherland\u201d and much more frequently of \u201cthe city\u201d (and derivatives) and \u201cthe laws\u201d (and derivatives), <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i.e<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">., uses expressions which never occurred before, while there no longer occurs any reference to \u201cthe many.\u201d In acting without the permission of the city they harm \u201csome\u201d: they do not harm all men.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-034\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-034\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14738","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14738"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14775,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14738\/revisions\/14775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14738"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}