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{"id":14736,"date":"2025-11-11T23:28:46","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T23:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14736"},"modified":"2025-11-13T00:03:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T00:03:07","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 032"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ II<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\">***<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 32<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Para explicar qu\u00e9 significa actuar de manera justa, S\u00f3crates afirma, en primer lugar, que en modo alguno se debe actuar injustamente por voluntad propia, o que actuar injustamente es malo y bajo en todo sentido para quien lo hace. De esta forma, nos recuerda la pregunta acerca de si alguien puede actuar injustamente de manera voluntaria (<em>Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-012\/\">25d5<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-012\/\">26a7<\/a> y <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-033\/\">37a5-6<\/a>), o si todos los actos de injusticia no proceden de la ignorancia: s\u00f3lo el conocedor, el experto respecto de las cosas justas, puede actuar de manera justa. S\u00f3crates extrae la conclusi\u00f3n de que, cuando se padece injusticia, no se debe infligir injusticia en respuesta. Despu\u00e9s de cierta vacilaci\u00f3n, <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crit%C3%B3n_de_Atenas\">Crit\u00f3n<\/a> coincide. S\u00f3crates declara, en segundo lugar, que infligir da\u00f1o a seres humanos, aun cuando estos nos hayan provocado alg\u00fan mal, es injusto, porque no difiere en nada de actuar injustamente. Crit\u00f3n lo acepta sin vacilar. Uno se pregunta si no se puede actuar injustamente contra los dioses (cf. <em>Eutifr\u00f3n<\/em>, 11e7-12e9, y <em>Leyes<\/em>, 821c6-d4), es decir, si la impiedad no es un delito y, en consecuencia, si S\u00f3crates no habr\u00e1 cometido un acto injusto al no creer en la existencia de esos dioses en cuya existencia cree la ciudad, a menos que esa incredulidad da\u00f1ara a la ciudad, esto es, a seres humanos. Si quienes lo condenaron y quienes lo absolvieron consideraban la impiedad como un delito, pero difer\u00edan respecto de la culpabilidad de S\u00f3crates, Crit\u00f3n no pertenecer\u00eda a ninguno de los dos grupos. No es necesario aclarar que no se contaba entre aquellos que lo condenaron; en lo concerniente a quienes lo absolvieron, hab\u00eda personas que, es de suponer, cre\u00edan en el daimonion (\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd) de S\u00f3crates. Uno se pregunta, adem\u00e1s, si infligir da\u00f1o a seres humanos es simplemente injusto si la guerra no lo es; pero S\u00f3crates fue a la guerra cada vez que la ciudad le pidi\u00f3 que fuera (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-017\/\">51b4<\/a>-c1), sin hacer que su obediencia dependiera de la justicia o injusticia del conflicto.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 32<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Socrates explains what it means to act justly by first stating that one must in no manner voluntarily act unjustly or that to act unjustly is for him who acts unjustly both bad and base in every manner. He thus reminds us of the question as to whether anyone can voluntarily act unjustly <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Apology of Socrates<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-012\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">25d5<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">&#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-012\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">26a7<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-033\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">3<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">7a<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">5-6<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">) or whether all acts of injustice do not stem from ignorance: only the knower, the expert regarding the just things, can act justly. He draws the conclusion that one must not when suffering injustice do injustice in turn. After some hesitation <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crito_of_Alopece\">Kriton<\/a> agrees. Socrates states secondly that inflicting evil on human beings, even if one has suffered evil from them, is unjust, for inflicting evil on human beings differs in nothing from acting unjustly. Kriton agrees without hesitation. One wonders whether one cannot act unjustly against the gods <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">cf. <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Euthyphro<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">, <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">11e7-12e9 and <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Laws<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">, 821c6-821d4), <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i.e<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">., <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">whether impiety is not a crime, and hence whether Socrates would not have committed an unjust act by not believing in the existence of those gods in whose existence the city believes, unless such unbelief harmed the city, <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i.e<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">.,<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> human beings. If those who condemned Socrates and those who acquitted him regarded impiety as a crime while differing as to whether Socrates was guilty of it, Kriton would not belong to either group. It goes without saying that he did not belong with the condemners; as for the acquitters, they were people who could be assumed to believe in Socrates\u2019 <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>daimonion<\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">). <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">O<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">ne wonders furthermore whether inflicting evil on human beings can be simply unjust if war is not simply unjust; but Socrates went to war whenever the city told him to go (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-017\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">51b4<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">&#8211;<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">51<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">c1<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">) without making his obedience dependent on whether the war was just or not.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-033\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\">***<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14736","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14736"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14769,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14736\/revisions\/14769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14736"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}