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{"id":14543,"date":"2025-11-11T23:17:42","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T23:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14543"},"modified":"2025-11-11T23:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T23:30:04","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 031"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ II<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 31<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">S\u00f3crates no plantea estas preguntas en forma expl\u00edcita, pero tampoco se limita a aludir a ellas, porque usa la cl\u00e1usula condicional \u00absi hay un experto\u00bb. Sugiere, adem\u00e1s, por qu\u00e9 no debe darse por sentada la existencia de un experto, y al mismo tiempo da a entender la limitaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica de <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crit%C3%B3n_de_Atenas\">Crit\u00f3n<\/a> al evitar en forma meditada la palabra \u00abalma\u00bb. En cambio, usa expresiones perifr\u00e1sticas del tipo \u00abcualquiera que sea, de las cosas que nos pertenecen, aquella de la cual la justicia y la injusticia se ocupan\u00bb y que merece m\u00e1s alto honor que el cuerpo. Insin\u00faa as\u00ed la diferencia entre el experto en lo relativo a la justicia y los no expertos (y en particular las leyes): los \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 (<em>logoi<\/em>) del experto sobre lo que es justo proceden del conocimiento del alma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">A continuaci\u00f3n, S\u00f3crates se ocupa del \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<em>logos<\/em>) de Crit\u00f3n en el sentido de que se debe considerar la opini\u00f3n de la mayor\u00eda respecto de las cosas justas, nobles y buenas, y sus opuestos, no debido a su valor intr\u00ednseco, sino porque la mayor\u00eda tiene el poder de damos muerte, es decir, de arruinar nuestros cuerpos. No est\u00e1 del todo claro si S\u00f3crates, al oponerse a este \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<em>logos<\/em>), presupone todo el resultado de su refutaci\u00f3n del primer \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<em>logos<\/em>) de Crit\u00f3n. (N\u00f3tese la inusual densidad de vocativos con valor adjetivo \u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-010\/\">48a5<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\">48b3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\">48d8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-012\/\">48e2<\/a>\u2014 en la transici\u00f3n del primer argumento al segundo.) Lo cierto es que ya no habla del \u00fanico experto respecto de las cosas justas: \u00bfno podr\u00eda decir ese experto que en determinadas circunstancias uno debe ceder ante el poder de los muchos o tratar de eludirlo (cf. <em>Rep\u00fablica<\/em>, 496d-e)? En cambio, se asegura de que Crit\u00f3n todav\u00eda est\u00e1 de acuerdo con lo que ambos hab\u00edan convenido previamente, o de que esos acuerdos todav\u00eda est\u00e1n vigentes; las coincidencias entre los dos ocupan el lugar de los veredictos del experto \u00fanico. Han coincidido y siguen coincidiendo en que no es la vida a secas, sino la vida buena, lo que m\u00e1s debe valorarse, y que esa vida buena es igual a la vida noble y justa. De esto se sigue que lo \u00fanico que deben tomar en consideraci\u00f3n, con referencia a la propuesta de Crit\u00f3n, es si la fuga de S\u00f3crates de la prisi\u00f3n, contra la voluntad de los atenienses, ser\u00eda justa por parte de uno y otro; todas las dem\u00e1s consideraciones son irrelevantes. S\u00f3crates est\u00e1 dispuesto a reconsiderar su opini\u00f3n; no desea actuar contra la voluntad de Crit\u00f3n, as\u00ed como no desea huir contra la voluntad de los atenienses: desea conciliar la voluntad de Crit\u00f3n con la de los atenienses. En consecuencia, lo insta a contradecirlo; si Crit\u00f3n logra hacerlo, le obedecer\u00e1. Al mismo tiempo, se asegura de que su interlocutor todav\u00eda respeta sus acuerdos anteriores al insistir en la inconveniencia de que ancianos como ellos muden de opini\u00f3n como si fueran ni\u00f1os.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-030\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 31<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Socrates does not raise these questions explicitly. But he also does not limit himself to alluding to them, by using the conditional clause \u201cif there is an expert.\u201d He intimates in addition why the availability of an expert cannot be taken for granted and at the same time the specific limitation of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crito_of_Alopece\">Kriton<\/a> by studiously avoiding the word \u201csoul.\u201d He uses instead periphrastic expressions like \u201cwhatever it is of the things belonging to us with which justice and injustice are concerned\u201d and which deserves higher honour than the body. He thus intimates the difference between the expert regarding justice and the non-experts (and in particular the laws): the expert\u2019s \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9 (<i>l<\/i><i>ogoi<\/i>) on what is just proceed from knowledge of the soul.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Socrates turns next to Kriton\u2019s \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<i>logos<\/i>) that one must be concerned with the opinion of the many regarding the just, the noble and the good things and their opposites not because of its intrinsic worth but because the many have the power to kill us, <i>i.e<\/i>., to ruin our bodies. It is not quite clear whether in taking issue with that \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<i>logos<\/i>) Socrates presupposes the whole result of his refutation of Kriton\u2019s first \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 (<i>logos<\/i>). (Note the unusual density of adjectival vocatives\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-010\/\">48a5<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\">48b3<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-011\/\">48d8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-012\/\">48e2<\/a>\u2014in the transition from the first to the second argument.) Certain it is that he no longer speaks now of the single expert regarding the just things: might that expert not say that in certain circumstances one must cede to the power of the many or try to elude it (cf. <i>Republic<\/i>, 496d-e)? Instead he ascertains that Kriton still agrees with what both had agreed upon previously or that those agreements still remain; the agreements of two take the place of the verdicts of the single expert. They agreed and agree that not life but the good life is to be valued most highly and that the good life is the same as the noble and just life. From this it follows that the only thing which they have to consider in regard to Kriton\u2019s proposal is whether Socrates\u2019 escape from prison against the will of the Athenians would be just on the part of Socrates and of Kriton; all other considerations are irrelevant. Socrates is willing to reconsider his opinion; he would not wish to act against the will of Kriton, just as he does not wish to escape against the will of the Athenians; he wishes to reconcile Kriton\u2019s will with that of the Athenians. He encourages him therefore to contradict him; if Kriton is able to do it successfully, he will obey him. At the same time he makes sure that Kriton still adheres to their former agreements by stressing how unbecoming it is for men of their old age to change opinions like little children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-030\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-032\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-030\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-031\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14543","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14543"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14751,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14543\/revisions\/14751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14543"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}