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{"id":14432,"date":"2025-10-28T01:19:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T01:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14432"},"modified":"2025-10-29T00:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:11:59","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-025","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-025\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 025"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ II<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 25<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">El <em>Crit\u00f3n<\/em> se inicia con seis o siete preguntas socr\u00e1ticas cuyas respuestas completas posee <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crit%C3%B3n_de_Atenas\">Crit\u00f3n<\/a>. La \u00faltima de esas respuestas conduce a la predicci\u00f3n, basada en lo que dicen ciertos mensajeros (humanos), de que S\u00f3crates morir\u00e1 al d\u00eda siguiente. S\u00f3crates se niega a creer en ella porque su sue\u00f1o le asegur\u00f3 que morir\u00eda al tercer d\u00eda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">En el sue\u00f1o, una hermosa mujer le dijo a S\u00f3crates y acerca de S\u00f3crates lo que <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquiles\">Aquiles<\/a>, en <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homero\">Homero<\/a>, le dice acerca de s\u00ed mismo a <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odiseo\">Odiseo<\/a>, mientras se niega a reconciliarse con <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agamen%C3%B3n\">Agamen\u00f3n<\/a>, su soberano. S\u00f3crates, aun el S\u00f3crates que sue\u00f1a, tiene que cambiar el texto y el contexto hom\u00e9ricos, porque Aquiles amenaz\u00f3 con abandonar el ej\u00e9rcito \u2014su puesto\u2014 y regresar a <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ft%C3%ADa\">Ft\u00eda<\/a>, o desobedeci\u00f3 a su jefe (cf. <em>Rep\u00fablica<\/em>, 389e12-390a4). Hace el cambio necesario sobre la base de otro pasaje hom\u00e9rico. En un pasaje central de la <em>Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-016\/\">28c2-d5<\/a>), en donde S\u00f3crates presenta a Aquiles como un modelo de conducta noble, habla de una hermosa mujer, la diosa <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetis_(nereida)\">Tetis<\/a>, cuando le dice a su hijo Aquiles que morir\u00e1 inmediatamente despu\u00e9s de <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%A9ctor\">H\u00e9ctor<\/a>; Aquiles prefiere morir con nobleza a vivir en la deshonra, cosa que con seguridad ocurrir\u00eda si regresara a Ft\u00eda. En el sue\u00f1o de S\u00f3crates, los dos pasajes hom\u00e9ricos (<em>Il\u00edada<\/em>, 9.363 y 18.94 y sigs.) se combinan, con el resultado de que una hermosa mujer le profetiza que ir\u00e1 a Ft\u00eda o le aconseja ir a Ftia, es decir, a <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tesalia#Antig%C3%BCedad\">Tesalia<\/a>. De hecho, Crit\u00f3n no tarda en proponerle a S\u00f3crates que escape de la prisi\u00f3n y vaya, si quiere, a Tesalia (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-005\/\">45c2-4<\/a>). Si S\u00f3crates aceptara esta interpretaci\u00f3n del sue\u00f1o, ir\u00eda a Tesalia movido por una iniciativa m\u00e1s que humana y, por lo tanto, con ese acto s\u00f3lo desobedecer\u00eda a sus gobernantes humanos. Pero como Ft\u00eda era la patria de Aquiles, el sue\u00f1o podr\u00eda significar tambi\u00e9n que S\u00f3crates llegar\u00e1 al tercer d\u00eda a su verdadera patria, es decir, al <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inframundo_griego\">Hades<\/a>. Esta interpretaci\u00f3n es la que \u00e9l elige t\u00e1citamente, como cosa natural.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-026\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-024\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-025\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1>Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 25<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The <em>Crito<\/em> opens with six or seven Socratic questions to which <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crito_of_Alopece\">Kriton<\/a> possesses the full answers. The last of these answers leads up to the prediction, based on what certain (human) messengers say, that Socrates will die tomorrow. This prediction Socrates refuses to believe because his dream assured him that he will die on the third day.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">In the dream a beautiful woman said to Socrates and about Socrates what in <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homer\">Homer<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achilles\">Achilleus<\/a> said about himself to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odysseus\">Odysseus<\/a> while refusing to be reconciled with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agamemnon\">Agamemnon<\/a>, his ruler. Socrates, even the dreaming Socrates, had to change the Homeric text and context, for Achilleus threatened to leave the army\u2014his post\u2014and to go home to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phthia\">Phthia<\/a>, or he disobeyed his ruler (cf. <em>Republic<\/em>, 389e12-390a4). He made the necessary change on the basis of another Homeric passage. In a central passage of the <em>Apology of Socrates<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-016\/\">28c2-d5<\/a>) where Socrates presents Achilleus as a model of noble conduct, he speaks of a beautiful woman, the goddess <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thetis\">Thetis<\/a>, saying to her son Achilleus that he will die straight-way after <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hector\">Hektor<\/a>; Achilleus chose to die nobly rather than to live in disgrace\u2014which he would surely do by returning to Phthia. In Socrates\u2019 dream the two Homeric passages (<em>Iliad<\/em> 9.363 and 18.94 ff.) are combined with the result that a beautiful woman prophesies to him that he would come to Phthia, or advises him to go to Phthia, <em>i.e.<\/em>, to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thessaly#Ancient_history\">Thessaly<\/a>. As a matter of fact, Kriton will soon propose to Socrates that he should escape from prison and go, if he wishes, to Thessaly (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/crito-plato-005\/\">45c2-4<\/a>). If Socrates accepted this interpretation of the dream, he would go to Thessaly on a more than human initiative and therefore by his action disobey only his human rulers. But Phthia being Achilleus\u2019 fatherland, the dream could as well mean that Socrates will come on the third day to his true fatherland, <em>i.e<\/em>., to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_underworld\">Hades<\/a>. It is this interpretation which he tacitly chooses as a matter of course.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-026\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-024\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-025\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-026\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-024\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-025\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14432","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14432"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14488,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14432\/revisions\/14488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14432"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}