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{"id":14323,"date":"2025-10-21T23:20:43","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14323"},"modified":"2025-10-21T23:29:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T23:29:01","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 018"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ I<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 18<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Con quienes lo absolvieron, le gustar\u00eda intercambiar discursos (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9; <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/#dialegesthai\"><em>dialegesthai<\/em><\/a>); de hecho, intercambia relatos con ellos (\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd; <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/#diamythologein\"><em>diamythologein<\/em><\/a>) al contarles historias o recordarles algunas de ellas. Les explica el significado de lo ocurrido. En su discurso a los que lo condenaron hab\u00eda enunciado una premonici\u00f3n, como lo hacen los hombres a punto de morir. Ahora habla de su presagio acostumbrado, la adivinaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s del <em>daimonion<\/em>. Con anterioridad, el <em>daimonion<\/em> se opon\u00eda a menudo, e incluso en cuestiones de muy poca monta, cada vez que \u00e9l estaba por hacer algo equivocado o inconveniente. Pero ahora, en el d\u00eda del juicio, \u00abel signo del dios\u00bb no se opuso en ning\u00fan momento a nada de lo que hizo, y menos a\u00fan, en particular, mientras pronunciaba su discurso, aunque lo hab\u00eda interrumpido en medio de otros discursos: el <em>daimonion<\/em> no s\u00f3lo se opone a ciertas acciones, sino tambi\u00e9n a algunos discursos. Su silencio en este d\u00eda sugiere que lo sucedido a S\u00f3crates es algo bueno: estar muerto no es malo. Este silencio del <em>daimonion<\/em> es tanto m\u00e1s notable cuanto que su funci\u00f3n parece haber sido preservar su vida; tal vez sea esa la raz\u00f3n por la que ahora se lo llama \u00abel signo del dios\u00bb, es decir, por la que se desdibuja la distinci\u00f3n entre el <em>daimonion<\/em> y el mandato de Apolo. En su alocuci\u00f3n a quienes lo condenaron no hab\u00eda objetado la premisa de que la muerte es un gran mal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Algunas aclaraciones<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">dialegesthai<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El t\u00e9rmino \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 (dialegesthai) remite a la acci\u00f3n de conversar, pero con una connotaci\u00f3n un poco m\u00e1s profunda \u2014y quiz\u00e1 hasta formal, resolutiva\u2014, que incluir\u00eda lo que entendemos como una \u00abconferencia\u00bb o \u00abreuni\u00f3n\u00bb. Est\u00e1 emparentado con el verbo \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 que incluye el verbo <a href=\"https:\/\/lsj.gr\/wiki\/%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CF%89\">\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9<\/a> como ra\u00edz. El verbo \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 que remite tanto a \u00abposar\u00bb, \u00ablevantar\u00bb, \u00abcoger\u00bb, hasta \u00abescoger\u00bb, como a \u00abcontar historias\u00bb, \u00abtener en cuenta\u00bb o \u00abconsiderar\u00bb, \u00abdecir\u00bb, \u00abhablar\u00bb, entre otros. De este modo, el verbo \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9 expresa tanto \u00abseleccionar\u00bb, \u00abseparar\u00bb, \u00abexaminar\u00bb, \u00abescoger para\u2026\u00bb, hasta \u00abconversar con\u00bb \u2014es obvia su traslaci\u00f3n al castellano en \u00abdialogar\u00bb\u2014, \u00abdirimir una cuesti\u00f3n\u00bb (entre varias). De este modo, este t\u00e9rmino fue cobrando un cariz filos\u00f3fico. Para llegar a entender con <a href=\"https:\/\/lsj.gr\/wiki\/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CF%89\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9<\/a> el \u00abejercicio de la dial\u00e9ctica\u00bb \u2014tal como en los di\u00e1logos socr\u00e1ticos, vivos y literarios\u2014, esto es, \u00abobtener conclusiones a trav\u00e9s de la discusi\u00f3n de una tem\u00e1tica\u00bb. Hasta llegar a expresar con este t\u00e9rmino \u00abhablar con definiciones\u00bb (al modo de Arist\u00f3teles y que \u00e9l mismo emplea). En suma, tanto \u00e9ste t\u00e9rmino, como el que anotamos a continuaci\u00f3n, remiten a una ex\u00e9gesis de lo ocurrido.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">diamythologein<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El vocablo \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd (diamythologein) refiere a la acci\u00f3n de narrar en f\u00e1bulas (o historias); contar leyendas o, simplemente contar historias (cf. Woodhouse verbs reversed apud <a href=\"https:\/\/lsj.gr\/wiki\/%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B5%E1%BF%96%CE%BD\">LSJ site<\/a>). Proviene del verbo \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c9, que nos remite al mismo significado, esto es, contar historias m\u00edticas \u2014como las hom\u00e9ricas. Pero tambi\u00e9n, de manera m\u00e1s general, conversar o contar historias con ese entusiasmo propio de las historias m\u00edticas (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/lsj.gr\/wiki\/%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%89\">LSJ<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-019\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-017\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 18<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">With the acquitters he would like to exchange speeches <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9; <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>dia<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>le<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>gest<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>ha<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>i<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">)<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">; in fact he exchanges stories with them <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">(<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd; <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>dia<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>my<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>tho<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>lo<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>gei<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>n<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">) by telling them stories or reminding them of them. He explains to them the meaning of what had happened. In his speech to the condemners he had uttered a divination as men do who are about to die. Now he speaks of his customary divination, the <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">d<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">ivination through the <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>daimonion<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">. The <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>daimonion<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> formerly opposed itself <\/span>very frequently and even on very small matters whenever he was about to do something wrong or unfit. But now on the day of his trial \u201cthe sign of the god\u201d did not oppose itself at any moment to anything he did and in particular never while he delivered his speech, although in other speeches it had stopped him in the middle: the <i>daimonion<\/i> opposes not only some actions but also some speeches. The silence of the <i>daimonion<\/i> on this day suggests that what happened to Socrates is something good: to be dead is not bad. This silence of the <i>daimonion<\/i> is all the more remarkable since its function seems to have been to preserve his life; this may be the reason why it is now called \u201cthe sign of the god,\u201d <i>i.e.<\/i>, why the distinction between the <i>daimonion<\/i> and Apollo\u2019s command is blurred. In his speech to his condemners he had not questioned their premise that death is a great evil.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-019\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-017\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-019\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-017\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-018\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14323","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14323"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14392,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14323\/revisions\/14392"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14323"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}