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{"id":14291,"date":"2025-10-20T17:30:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T17:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14291"},"modified":"2025-10-20T17:58:13","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T17:58:13","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-009","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-009\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ I<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\">***<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 9<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">S\u00f3crates dice ahora que <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afirmaciones_del_or%C3%A1culo_de_Delfos#440_A.C.\">los or\u00e1culos<\/a> del dios le ordenaron pasar la vida filosofando y examin\u00e1ndose a s\u00ed mismo y a otros. En la primera digresi\u00f3n, todo el acento se pon\u00eda en su examen de otros. \u00bfEl filosofar equivale al conocimiento de la propia ignorancia respecto de las cosas m\u00e1s importantes? Tal como surge del presente contexto, el conocimiento de la propia ignorancia va unido al conocimiento que S\u00f3crates tiene de que actuar injustamente y desobedecer a quien es mejor que uno, sea hombre o dios, es malo y oprobioso: la sabidur\u00eda humana es m\u00e1s que la intuici\u00f3n de la carencia de valor de la sabidur\u00eda humana. S\u00f3crates no sabe lo que la mayor\u00eda de la gente cree saber, esto es, que la muerte es el mayor mal, porque \u00e9l no tiene suficiente conocimiento de las cosas del <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inframundo_griego\">Hades<\/a> (no ha investigado todas las cosas bajo la tierra): por lo que sabe, la muerte puede ser el bien m\u00e1s grande. En consecuencia, no tomar\u00eda en cuenta un ofrecimiento del jurado de liberarlo a condici\u00f3n de dejar de filosofar, porque obedecer\u00e1 al dios antes que a aquel: desobedecer\u00e1 un fallo o una ley que le impidan filosofar porque obedecer\u00e1 al dios antes que al jurado o la ciudad; no dice que obedecer\u00e1 a su propio juicio antes que a las leyes. Su filosofar est\u00e1 unido a la exhortaci\u00f3n que hace a todos los atenienses que halla en su camino \u2014preocuparse por la racionalidad, la verdad y la bondad de su alma, y no por la riqueza, la fama y el honor\u2014, y a la refutaci\u00f3n de aquellos que afirman estar ocupados en las cosas m\u00e1s valiosas sin que sea as\u00ed. Su exhortaci\u00f3n a ocuparse de la bondad del alma consiste en mostrar que la virtud no procede de la riqueza, sino que de aquella proceden esta y todas las dem\u00e1s cosas buenas para el hombre, tanto en la vida privada como en la vida p\u00fablica. Su filosofar consiste principalmente en exhortar a la gente a la virtud como la cosa m\u00e1s valiosa. Puesto que la virtud es lo que hace buenas para el hombre todas las dem\u00e1s cosas, sus acusadores no pueden perjudicarlo, pero los atenienses se perjudicar\u00e1n si, por condenarlo, se privan de la merced concedida por el dios. Porque el dios lo entreg\u00f3 a la ciudad como un t\u00e1bano a un grande y noble caballo que, a causa de su tama\u00f1o, es bastante perezoso y necesita que lo despierten de su modorra. La comparaci\u00f3n es, como dice S\u00f3crates, bastante rid\u00edcula: \u00e9l no deja de aguijonear, no a la ciudad en cuanto tal, sino a cada individuo \u00abtodo el d\u00eda y en todas partes\u00bb; tiene y no tiene a su cuidado los asunto de la ciudad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-010\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-009\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 9<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Socrates says now that the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_oracular_statements_from_Delphi#440_BC\">god\u2019<\/a><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">s<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> oracles commanded him to spend his life philosophizing and examining himself and others. In the first digression the emphasis was altogether on his examining others. Is philosophizing the same as realizing one\u2019s ignorance regarding the most important things? As appears from the present context, knowledge of one\u2019s ignorance goes together with the knowledge Socrates possesses that acting unjustly and disobeying one\u2019s better, be he man or god, is bad and disgraceful: human wisdom is more than the insight into the worthlessness of human wisdom. <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">H<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">e does not know what most people believe that they know, namely, that death is the greatest evil, for he does not have sufficient knowledge of the things in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inframundo_griego\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Hades<\/span><\/a> <span lang=\"en-GB\">(h<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">e has not investigated all things beneath the earth<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">);<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> for all he knows death may be the greatest good. Accordingly he would not consider an offer of the jury to release him on the condition that he no longer philosophize, because he will obey the god rather than the jury: he will disobey a ruling or a law forbidding him to philosophize because he will obey the god rather than the jury or the city; he does not say that he would obey his own judgment rather than the laws. His philosophizing goes together with his exhorting any Athenian he meets to concern himself with reasonableness, truth and the goodness of his soul rather than with wealth, fame and honour, and his refuting those who claim to be concerned with the most valuable things without being so. His exhortation to be concerned with goodness of the soul consists in showing that virtue does not come from wealth but from virtue come wealth and all other things good for man in both private and public life. His philosophizing consists chiefly in exhorting people to virtue as the most valuable thing. Since it is virtue that makes all other things good for man, his accusers cannot harm him but the Athenians will harm themselves if by condemning him to die they deprive themselves of the god-given boon. For the god has given him to the city as a gadfly to a great and noble horse that because of its size is rather sluggish and needs to be awakened from its drowsiness. The comparison is, as Socrates says, rather ludicrous: he unceasingly pricks, not the city as city but every individual \u201cthe whole day everywhere\u201d; he does, and does not, take care of the affairs of the city.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-010\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-009\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-010\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-009\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14291","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14291"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14335,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14291\/revisions\/14335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14291"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}