\u1f28\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u1f08\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n OFFIC\u012aNA PHILOSOPH\u014cRVM<\/span> ***<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n (1109a-1109b)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea \/ Libro II \/ [9. Reglas pr\u00e1cticas para alcanzar el t\u00e9rmino medio]<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n [20]<\/b> \u1f4d\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76\u03bd \u1f21 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1f74 \u1f21 \u1f20\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1fbd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u1f74 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f31\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u1ff6\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f34\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. \u1f10\u03bd \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u1ff3 [25]<\/b> \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f14\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b5\u1f30\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f00\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1fa7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f57 \u1f15\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f65\u03c2, \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u1f72 \u1fe5\u1fb4\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b5\u1f56 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 [30]<\/b> \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b1\u03b6\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u1f7c \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03ba\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f14\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5 \u03bd\u1fc6\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n \u03a4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03bd \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f27\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, <\/span>[35]<\/b><\/span> \u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03af, \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70 \u1f10\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u1f43\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd. <\/span>[<\/b><\/span>1109b<\/b><\/span>]<\/b><\/span><\/span> [1]<\/b><\/span> \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03b5\u1f50\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1f21\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u1f21\u03bc\u1fb6\u03c2. \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f50\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd <\/span>[5]<\/b><\/span> \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f11\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u1f7a \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f01\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u1f30\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f25\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f45\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03be\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f40\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n [9. Reglas pr\u00e1cticas para alcanzar el t\u00e9rmino medio]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Hemos tratado ya suficientemente que la virtud es un t\u00e9rmino medio, en qu\u00e9 sentido, y que es t\u00e9rmino medio entre dos vicios, uno por exceso y otro por defecto, y que es tal virtud por apuntar al t\u00e9rmino medio en las pasiones y en las acciones. Por todo ello, es tarea dif\u00edcil ser bueno, pues en todas las cosas es trabajoso hallar el medio; por ejemplo: hallar el centro del c\u00edrculo no es factible para todos, sino para el que sabe; as\u00ed tambi\u00e9n el irritarse, dar dinero y gastarlo est\u00e1 al alcance de cualquiera y es f\u00e1cil; pero darlo a quien debe darse y en la cantidad y en el momento oportuno y por la raz\u00f3n y en la manera debidas, ya no todo el mundo puede hacerlo y no es f\u00e1cil; por eso, el bien es raro, laudable y hermoso. De acuerdo con esto, el que apunta al t\u00e9rmino medio debe, ante todo, apartarse de lo m\u00e1s opuesto, como aconseja Calipso:<\/span><\/p>\n Manten alejada la nave de este oleaje y de esta espuma,1<\/a><\/sup>Homero, Odisea<\/em> XII 108-109. El consejo es de Circe, las palabras son de Ulises, que se las repite al piloto.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n pues de los dos extremos, el uno es m\u00e1s err\u00f3neo y el otro menos. Y puesto que es dif\u00edcil alcanzar exactamente el medio, debemos tomar el mal menor en la segunda navegaci\u00f3n,2<\/a><\/sup>Es decir, cuando hay necesidad de los remos por ausencia del viento.<\/span> como se dice, y esto ser\u00e1 posible, sobre todo, de la manera que decimos. [1109b]<\/strong> Debemos, por otra parte, tomar en consideraci\u00f3n aquellas cosas hacia las que somos m\u00e1s inclinados (pues unos lo somos por naturaleza hacia unas y otros hacia otras). Esto lo conocemos por el placer y el dolor que sentimos, y entonces debemos tirar de nosotros mismos en sentido contrario, pues apart\u00e1ndonos lejos del error llegaremos al t\u00e9rmino medio, como hacen los que quieren enderezar las vigas torcidas.<\/span><\/p>\n Ir al siguiente fragmento<\/a><\/p>\n Fragmento anterior<\/a><\/p>\n Ir al inicio de la entrada<\/a><\/p>\n Ir al \u00cdndice<\/a><\/p>\n Enough has now been said to show that moral virtue is a mean, and in what sense this is so, namely that it is a mean between two vices, one of excess and the other of defect; and that it is such a mean because it aims at hitting the middle point in feelings and in actions. This is why it is a hard task to be good, for it is hard to find the middle point in anything: for instance, not everybody can find the centre of a circle, but only someone who knows geometry. So also anybody can become angry\u2014that is easy, and so it is to give and spend money; but to be angry with or give money to the right person, and to the right amount, and at the right time, and for the right purpose, and in the right way\u2014this is not within everybody\u2019s power and is not easy; so that to do these things properly is rare, praiseworthy, and noble.<\/span><\/p>\n Hence the first rule in aiming at the mean is to avoid that extreme which is the more opposed to the mean, as Calypso advises\u20143<\/a><\/sup>Hom. Od<\/em>. 12.219: really the words are said by Odysseus, conveying to his steersman Circe\u2019s advice, to avoid the whirlpool of Charybdis which will engulf them all, and steer nearer to the monster Scylla who will devour only some of them.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Steer the ship clear of yonder spray and surge.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n For of the two extremes one is a more serious error than the other. Hence, inasmuch as to hit the mean extremely well is difficult,4<\/a><\/sup>Or \u2018to hit the mean is extremely difficult\u2019.<\/span> the second best way to sail,5<\/a><\/sup>A proverb, meaning to take to the oars when the wind fails.<\/span> as the saying goes, is to take the least of the evils; and the best way to do this will be the way we enjoin. [1109b]<\/strong> The second rule is to notice what are the errors to which we are ourselves most prone (as different men are inclined by nature to different faults)\u2014and we shall discover what these are by observing the pleasure or pain that we experience\u2014; then we must drag ourselves away in the opposite direction, for by steering wide of our besetting error we shall make a middle course. This is the method adopted by carpenters to straighten warped timber.<\/span><\/p>\n Go to the next fragment<\/a><\/p>\n Previous fragment<\/a><\/p>\n Top of this page<\/a><\/p>\n Index<\/a><\/p>\n Satis dictum esse arbitror, <\/span>virt\u016btem<\/span> eam quae more ac voluntate suscipitur, esse mediocrit\u0101tem<\/span>, quoque mod<\/span>\u014d <\/span>esset: ac mediocrit\u0101tem quidem esse inter duo vitia, id est, nimium & parrum: esmque talem esse propterea quod indagatrix esset mod\u012b eius qu\u012b in perturbationibus actionibusque reperiretur. Quocirca difficile est in quaque r<\/span>\u0113<\/span> excellere. Nec enim quicquam <\/span>diffici<\/span>l<\/span>ius, <\/span>quam <\/span>reperire in omni r\u0113 quod <\/span>s<\/span>it omni ex parte perfe<\/span>ct<\/span>um. <\/span>Ut <\/span>circuli m<\/span>e<\/span>dium n\u014dn cuiuslibet e<\/span>s<\/span>t, <\/span>s<\/span>ed <\/span>per\u012bt\u012b<\/span> tantummodo reperire. Itemque ira<\/span>s<\/span>ci qu\u012bv\u012bs pote<\/span>s<\/span>t, larg\u012br\u012b pecunias, <\/span>s<\/span>umptusque facere, <\/span>i<\/span>dque facile: at vero ira<\/span>sc<\/span>i, <\/span>& larg\u012br\u012b<\/span> pecuniam cui <\/span>r\u0113ctum<\/span> e<\/span>s<\/span>t, <\/span>&<\/span> quantum, quando, qua de cau<\/span>s<\/span>a, qu<\/span>o<\/span>que mod\u014d ira<\/span>s<\/span>cendum dandumqu<\/span>e es<\/span>t, nec cuiu<\/span>s<\/span>uis <\/span>es<\/span>t, nec facile. Quapropter omnia <\/span>praecl<\/span>ara, rara, laudabilia, <\/span>& <\/span>pu<\/span>l<\/span>chra. Quare omnes qu<\/span>\u012b<\/span> mediocrit\u0101tem in<\/span>v<\/span>e<\/span>s<\/span>tigant, <\/span>&<\/span> exquirunt, prim<\/span>u<\/span>m ab eo debent quod magis ei contrari<\/span>um <\/span>e<\/span>st, <\/span>di<\/span>s<\/span>cedere: <\/span>quemadmodum <\/span>Ca<\/span>lypso <\/span>monebat,<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n T<\/span>\u016b procul <\/span>\u0101<\/span> s\u016bm\u014d<\/span>que reg\u0101s, <\/span>und\u012bs<\/span>que car\u012bnam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Extr\u0113m\u014drum enim alterum gra<\/span>v<\/span>ius peccatum e<\/span>s<\/span>t, <\/span>levius alterum. Quoniam igitur modum tenere difficillimum est, secunda, ut aiunt, navigatione minimum malum e<\/span>s<\/span>t eligend<\/span>um. <\/span>Quod <\/span>s<\/span>iet ea poti<\/span>ss<\/span>imum rati\u014dne, quam docebamus. Videndum e<\/span>s<\/span>t etiam diligenter, qu<\/span>ae<\/span> ad vitia <\/span>s<\/span>imus pr\u014dcl\u012bvi\u014dr\u0113s. <\/span>Ali<\/span>\u012b enim ad alia natura pr\u014dcl\u012bv\u0113s <\/span>s<\/span>umus. Quod facile ex ea voluptate <\/span>& ae<\/span>gritudine qu<\/span>ae<\/span> nobis accidit, intelligemus. <\/span>S<\/span>\u0113 <\/span>a<\/span>utem qui<\/span>s<\/span>que ab ea in contrariam partem debet deducere. Longe enim <\/span>\u0101<\/span> delinquendo abdu<\/span>ct<\/span>i, veniemus ad mediocri tatem. Quod quidem faciunt <\/span>i<\/span>\u012b qu\u012b ligna contorta in <\/span>r\u0113ctum<\/span> dirigunt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/images.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\u0112thica Nic\u014dmachea L-II 024<\/span><\/h1>\n
\u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea L-II 024<\/span><\/h1>\n
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Nicomachean Ethics L-II 024<\/span><\/h1>\n
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Ad Nicomachum filium de Moribus L-II 024<\/span><\/h1>\n
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