\u1f28\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u1f08\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n OFFIC\u012aNA PHILOSOPH\u014cRVM <\/span>***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n (<\/span>1108<\/span>b-1109a<\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea \/ Libro II \/ [8. Oposici\u00f3n de virtudes y vicios]<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n <\/p>\n \u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f74 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c3\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u1ff6\u03bd, \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u1fbd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b9\u1fb6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f00\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u1fb6\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03af \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00b7 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u1fc3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03af\u03bd, \u1f21 \u03b4\u1f72 <\/span>[15]<\/b><\/span> \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f15\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f14\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. \u1f41 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, <\/span>[20]<\/b><\/span> \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41 \u03c3\u03ce\u03c6\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f04\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c0\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c3\u03b9 <\/span>[25]<\/b><\/span> \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f41 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u1f7a\u03bd \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd. \u039f\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u1f22 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u1fe4\u1fe5\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f22 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f78\u03bd <\/span>[30]<\/b><\/span> \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f22 \u1f04\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u1f34\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5. \u1f14\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f61\u03c2 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u1fb3 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u1fbd \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u1f41\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 <\/span>[35]<\/b><\/span> \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd <\/span>[<\/b><\/span>1109a<\/b><\/span>]<\/b><\/span><\/span> [1]<\/b><\/span> \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c6\u1fbd \u1f67\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f21 \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u1fbd \u1f67\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f21 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae, \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f21 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f21 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1, \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u1fc3 \u03bf\u1f50\u03c7 \u1f21 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u1f14\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1, \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f21 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 <\/span>[5]<\/b><\/span> \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b4\u1fbd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u1ff3, \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f50\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u00b7 \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u1f41\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u1fb3 \u1f21 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd, \u1f00\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd <\/span>[10]<\/b><\/span> \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f21 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9. \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f55\u03c4\u03b7, \u1f10\u03be \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00b7 \u1f11\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f10\u03be \u1f21\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f03 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u1ff3 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03bf\u1f37\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1f76 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd <\/span>[15]<\/b><\/span> \u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u1f21\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u1f78 \u03b5\u1f50\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03af \u1f10\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u1f22 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03c4\u03b1\u1fe6\u03c4\u1fbd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u1f03 \u1f21 \u1f10\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u1f21 \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u1f10\u03c3\u03c4\u1f76 \u03c4\u1fc7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u1fc3.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n [8. Oposici\u00f3n de virtudes y vicios]<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n As\u00ed pues, tres son las disposiciones, y de ellas, dos vicios \u2014uno por exceso y otro por defecto\u2014 y una virtud, la del t\u00e9rmino medio; y todas, se oponen entre s\u00ed de cierta manera; pues las extremas son contrarias a la intermedia y entre s\u00ed, y la intermedia es contraria a las extremas. Pues, as\u00ed como lo igual es mayor en relaci\u00f3n con lo menor y menor con respecto a lo mayor, as\u00ed, tambi\u00e9n, en las pasiones y en las acciones, los modos de ser intermedios son excesivos por lo que respecta a los deficientes, y deficientes, en cuanto a los excesivos. <\/span>P<\/span>or esta raz\u00f3n, el valiente parece temerario, comparado con el cobarde, y cobarde, comparado con el temerario; igualmente, el moderado parece intemperante, en comparaci\u00f3n con el insensible, e insensible, en comparaci\u00f3n con el intemperante; y el liberal parede pr\u00f3digo, si se le compara con el taca\u00f1o, y taca\u00f1o, si se le compara con el pr\u00f3digo. De ah\u00ed que los extremos rechazan al medio, cada uno hacia el otro extremo, y el cobarde llama temerario al valiente, y el temerario cobarde, y an\u00e1logamente en los dem\u00e1s casos.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Puesto que hay una disposici\u00f3n mutua entre estos tres modos de ser, la oposici\u00f3n entre los extremos es mayor que respecto del medio, pues est\u00e1n m\u00e1s lejos entre s\u00ed que del medio, por ejemplo, lo grande dista m\u00e1s de lo peque\u00f1o y lo peque\u00f1o de lo grande, que ambos de lo igual. Adem\u00e1s, en algunos casos uno de los extremos parece ser semejante al medio, como la temeridad a la valent\u00eda, y la prodigalidad a la liberalidad, pero, en cambio, entre los extremos se da la m\u00e1xima dese<\/span>me<\/span>janza; pero, como, los contrarios se definen como las cosas que m\u00e1s distan entre s\u00ed, as\u00ed los que m\u00e1s distan son m\u00e1s contrarios.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n En algunos casos, al medio se opone m\u00e1s el defecto, y en otros el exceso; <\/span>[1109a]<\/b><\/span> por ejemplo, a la valent\u00eda no se opone la temeridad, que es el exceso, sino la cobard\u00eda, que es el defecto; y a la moderaci\u00f3n no se opone la insensibilidad, que es la deficiencia, sino la intemperancia, que es el exceso. Esto sucede por dos causas: una procede de la cosa misma, pues por estar m\u00e1s cerca y ser m\u00e1s semejante al medio uno de los extremos, no es \u00e9ste sino el otro contrario el que preferimos oponer al medio; as\u00ed, como la temeridad parece ser m\u00e1s semejante y m\u00e1s pr\u00f3xima a la valent\u00eda, pero m\u00e1s distante la cobard\u00eda, preferimos contraponerle \u00e9sta; pues lo m\u00e1s alejado del medio parece ser m\u00e1s contra<\/span>rio<\/span>. \u00c9sta es, pues, la causa que procede de la cosa misma, y la otra surge de nosotros mismos, pues aquello a que, en cierto modo, estamos m\u00e1s inclinados por naturaleza parece m\u00e1s contrario al medio; as\u00ed somos atra\u00eddos naturalmente m\u00e1s hacia los placeres, y por eso con m\u00e1s facilidad nos dejamos llevar por el desenfreno que por la austeridad. Es por ello por lo que llamamos m\u00e1s contrarias a las disposiciones a las que cedemos m\u00e1s f\u00e1cilmente, y por lo que el desenfreno, que es exceso, es m\u00e1s contrario a la moderaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Ir al siguiente fragmento<\/a><\/p>\n Fragmento anterior<\/a><\/p>\n Ir al inicio de la entrada<\/a><\/p>\n Ir al \u00cdndice<\/a><\/p>\n There are then three dispositions\u2014two vices, one of excess and one of defect, and one virtue which is the observance of the mean; and each of them is in a certain way opposed to both the others. For the extreme states are the opposite both of the middle state and of each other, and the middle state is the opposite of both extremes; since just as the equal is greater in comparison with the less and less in comparison with the greater, so the middle states of character are in excess as compared with the defective states and defective as compared with the excessive states, whether in the case of feelings or of actions. For instance, a brave man appears rash in contrast with a coward and cowardly in contrast with a rash man; similarly a temperate man appears profligate in contrast with a man insensible to pleasure and pain, but insensible in contrast with a profligate; and a liberal man seems prodigal in contrast with a mean man, mean in contrast with one who is prodigal. Hence either extreme character tries to push the middle character towards the other extreme; a coward calls a brave man rash and a rash man calls him a coward, and correspondingly in other cases.<\/span><\/p>\n But while all three dispositions are thus opposed to one another, the greatest degree of contrariety exists between the two extremes. For the extremes are farther apart from each other than from the mean, just as great is farther from small and small from great than either from equal. Again1<\/a><\/sup> This sentence should perhaps follow the next one, as it gives a second test of opposition, viz. unlikeness. However, unlikeness and remoteness are blended together in 8.7.<\/span> some extremes show a certain likeness to the mean\u2014for instance, Rashness resembles Courage, Prodigality Liberality, whereas the extremes display the greatest unlikeness to one another. But it is things farthest apart from each other that logicians define as contraries, so that the farther apart things are the more contrary they are.<\/span><\/p>\n And in some cases [1109a]<\/strong> the defect, in others the excess, is more opposed to the mean; for example Cowardice, which is a vice of deficiency, is more opposed to Courage than is Rashness which is a vice of excess; but Profligacy, or excess of feeling, is more opposed to Temperance than is Insensibility, or lack of feeling. This results from either of two causes. One of these arises from the thing itself; owing to one extreme being nearer to the mean and resembling it more, we count not this but rather the contrary extreme as the opposite of the mean; for example, because Rashness seems to resemble Courage more than Cowardice does, and to be nearer to it, we reckon Cowardice rather than Rashness as the contrary of Courage; for those extremes which are more remote from the mean are thought to be more contrary to it. This then is one cause, arising out of the thing itself. The other cause has its origin in us: those things appear more contrary to the mean to which we are ourselves more inclined by nature. For example, we are of ourselves more inclined to pleasure, which is why we are prone to Profligacy [more than to Propriety].2<\/a><\/sup>These words are probably an interpolation, since the sense requires \u2018more than to Insensibility\u2019.<\/span> We therefore rather call those things the contrary of the mean, into which we are more inclined to lapse; and hence Profligacy, the excess, is more particularly the contrary of Temperance.<\/span><\/p>\n Go to the next fragment<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/images.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\u0112thica Nic\u014dmachea L-II 023<\/span><\/h1>\n
\u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea L-II 023<\/span><\/h1>\n
Nicomachean Ethics L-II 023<\/span><\/h1>\n