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{"id":14178,"date":"2025-10-15T20:51:27","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T20:51:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=14178"},"modified":"2025-10-15T22:54:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T22:54:00","slug":"ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/","title":{"rendered":"Ethica Nicomachea L-II 019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u0112thica Nic\u014dmachea s\u012bve D\u0113 m\u014dribus ad Nic\u014dmachum (Aristotel\u0113s)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u1f28\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u1f70 \u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u1f08\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1650 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/images.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"82\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">OFFIC\u012aNA PHILOSOPH\u014cRVM <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/officina-philosophorvm\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(1107b-1108a)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea \/ Libro II \/ [7. Ejemplos de virtudes como t\u00e9rmino medio entre un exceso y un defecto]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u0112thica Nic\u014dmachea L-II 019<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"grc-GR\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u1fc6\u03c8\u03b9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 <b>[10]<\/b> \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u1f10\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f10\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u00b7 \u1f41 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f04\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9. \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u1ff3 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, <b>[15]<\/b> \u1f00\u03c1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u1ff3\u00b7 \u1f55\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03af, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 (\u1f41 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u1f74\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u00b7 \u1f43 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1, \u1f43 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac), \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 <b>[20]<\/b> \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u00b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03b4\u1fbd \u03b1\u1f57\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c0\u1fc7 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd, \u1f55\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1, \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u1f74 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7, \u1f14\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u00b7 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f10\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f10\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, <b>[25]<\/b> &lt;\u03c4\u1ff7&gt; \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f14\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c0\u03c1\u1f78\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd, \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70\u03bd \u03bf\u1f56\u03c3\u03b1\u00b7 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c3\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u1fb6\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u1f22 \u03b4\u03b5\u1fd6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f27\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f41 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f40\u03c1\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f10\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u1f41 \u03b4\u1f72 <b>[30]<\/b> \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2. \u1f00\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f31 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bb\u1f74\u03bd \u1f21 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u1f45\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u1fc6\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2\u00b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f21\u03bc\u03b5\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd, <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><b>[<\/b><b>1108a<\/b><b>]<\/b><\/span> <b>[1]<\/b> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u1f10\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd \u1f14\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u1fbd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f00\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd. \u03b4\u03b9\u1f70 \u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u1fbd \u03b1\u1f30\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u1fe6\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd, \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f11\u03be\u1fc6\u03c2 \u1fe5\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u00b7 \u03bd\u1fe6\u03bd \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03c0\u1ff6\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f51\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14232\" style=\"width: 173px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14232\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"173\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-743x1024.jpg 743w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-768x1059.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-300x414.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LIBERALITAS (Crispijn <a href=\"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crispianus_Passaeus\">van de Passe I<\/a>, c. 1600)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-020\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-018\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u00c9tica Nicom\u00e1quea L-II 019<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">En relaci\u00f3n con el dar y recibir dinero, el t\u00e9rmino medio es la liberalidad, el exceso y el defecto son, respectivamente, la prodigalidad y la taca\u00f1er\u00eda. En estos dos vicios, el exceso y el defecto se presentan de manera contraria: el pr\u00f3digo se excede en gastarlo, y se queda atr\u00e1s en adquirirlo; el taca\u00f1o se excede en la adquisici\u00f3n, y es parco en el desprendimiento. De momento hablamos esquem\u00e1tica y sumariamente, lo cual basta para nuestro prop\u00f3sito; luego ser\u00e1n definidos con m\u00e1s precisi\u00f3n. Respecto del dinero hay tambi\u00e9n otras disposiciones: un t\u00e9rmino medio, la esplendidez (pues el nombre espl\u00e9ndido difiere del liberal: el primero maneja grandes sumas, el segundo peque\u00f1as); un exceso, la extravagancia y la vulgaridad, y un defecto, la mezquindad. Estas disposiciones difieren de las que se refieren a la liberalidad; de qu\u00e9 manera difieren, se dir\u00e1 m\u00e1s adelante.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">En relaci\u00f3n con el honor y con el deshonor, el t\u00e9rmino medio es la magnanimidad; al exceso se le llama vanidad, y al defecto pusilanimidad. Y, as\u00ed como dijimos que la liberalidad guarda relaci\u00f3n con la esplendidez, de la que se distingu\u00eda por referirse a cantidades peque\u00f1as, as\u00ed tambi\u00e9n se relaciona con la magnanimidad, ya que \u00e9sta se refiere a grandes honores, mientras que aqu\u00e9lla se refiere a los peque\u00f1os; es posible, en efecto, desear honor como es debido, m\u00e1s de los debido o menos, y el que se excede en sus deseos es llamado ambicioso, el que se queda corto, hombre sin ambici\u00f3n, y el medio carece de nombre; sus disposiciones tampoco tienen nombre, excepto la del ambicioso, que se llama ambici\u00f3n. Es por eso por lo que los extremos pretenden obtener el t\u00e9rmino intermedio, y nosotros, tambi\u00e9n, unas veces llamamos al intermedio ambicioso y, otras veces, hombre sin ambici\u00f3n, <b>[1108a]<\/b> y unas veces elogiamos al ambicioso y, otras, al hombre sin ambici\u00f3n. La raz\u00f3n de por qu\u00e9 hacemos esto se dir\u00e1 m\u00e1s adelante; ahora hablemos de las restantes disposiciones de la manera ya propuesta.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14232\" style=\"width: 173px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14232\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"173\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-743x1024.jpg 743w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-768x1059.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-300x414.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LIBERALITAS (Crispijn van <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crispijn_van_de_Passe_I\">de Passe I<\/a>, c. 1600)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-020\/#etica-nicomaquea-l-ii-020\">Ir al siguiente fragmento<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-018\/#etica-nicomaquea-l-ii-018\">Fragmento anterior<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/\">Ir al inicio de la entrada<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Ir al \u00cdndice<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Nicomachean Ethics L-II 019<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">In regard to giving and getting money, the observance of the mean is Liberality; the excess and deficiency are Prodigality and Meanness,<sup class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote \" data-mfn=\"1\" data-mfn-post-scope=\"00000000000007850000000000000000_14178\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  role=\"button\" aria-pressed=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"mfn-content-00000000000007850000000000000000_14178-1\">1<\/a><\/sup><span id=\"mfn-content-00000000000007850000000000000000_14178-1\" role=\"tooltip\" class=\"modern-footnotes-footnote__note\" tabindex=\"0\" data-mfn=\"1\">The Greek word is the negative of that translated Liberality, but \u2018illiberality\u2019 and \u2018illiberal\u2019 we do not usually employ with reference to money.<\/span> but the prodigal man and the mean man exceed and fall short in opposite ways to one another: the prodigal exceeds in giving and is deficient in getting, whereas the mean man exceeds in getting and is deficient in giving. For the present then we describe these qualities in outline and summarily, which is enough for the purpose in hand; but they will be more accurately defined later. There are also other dispositions in relation to money, namely, the mode of observing the mean called Magnificence (the magnificent man being different from the liberal, as the former deals with large amounts and the latter with small ones), the excess called Tastelessness or Vulgarity, and the defect called Paltriness. These are not the same as Liberality and the vices corresponding to it; but the way in which they differ will be discussed later.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">In respect of honour and dishonour, the observance of the mean is Greatness of Soul, the excess a sort of Vanity, as it may be called, and the deficiency, Smallness of Soul. And just as we said that Liberality is related to Magnificence, differing from it in being concerned with small amounts of money, so there is a certain quality related to Greatness of Soul, which is concerned with great honours, while this quality itself is concerned with small honours; for it is possible to aspire to minor honours in the right way, or more than is right, or less. He who exceeds in these aspirations is called ambitious, he who is deficient, unambitious; but the middle character has no name, and the dispositions of these persons are also unnamed, except that that of the ambitious man is called Ambitiousness. Consequently the extreme characters put in a claim to the middle position, and in fact we ourselves sometimes call the middle person ambitious and sometimes unambitious: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>[1108a<\/strong>] we sometimes praise a man for being ambitious, sometimes for being unambitious. Why we do so shall be discussed later; for the present let us classify the remaining virtues and vices on the lines which we have laid down.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14232\" style=\"width: 173px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14232\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"173\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-743x1024.jpg 743w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-768x1059.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-300x414.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LIBERALITAS (Crispijn <a href=\"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crispianus_Passaeus\">van de Passe I<\/a>, c. 1600)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-020\/#nicomachean-ethics-l-ii-020\">Go to the next fragment<\/a><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-018\/#nicomachean-ethics-l-ii-018\">Previous fragment<\/a><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/\">Top of this page<\/a><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Index<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Ad Nicomachum filium de Moribus L-II 019<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"la-VA\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Iam in dandis accipiendisque pecuniis mediocritas, liberalitas dicitur: quae modum transit, prodigalitas: quae ab eo deficit, avaritia, &amp; illiberalitas. Contrarioque modo in iis ultra modum progrediuntur, ab eoque deficiunt. Prodigus enim largiendo modum transit, &amp; accipiendo abest ab eodem. At vero avarus in accipiendo nimius est, in dando parcus. Atque haec quidem nunc populariter ac summatim exponimus, hoc ipso contenti, post disseremus subtilius. Versantur etiam in pecuniis aliae affectiones, quarum mediocritas magnificentia nominatur. Nam inter magnificum &amp; liberalem hoc interest, <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">quo<\/span> ille in magnis, hic in parvis cernitur. Nimium \u1f00\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1: parum, \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 dicitur, differuntque ab iis quae sunt liberalitatis. Quid autem differant, posterius docebimus. <\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"la-VA\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Porro in honore &amp; infamia mediocritas, magnitudo animi appellatur: exuperantia, elatio animi: defectio, parvus pusillusque animus. Quam autem rationem liberalitatem ad magnificentiam habere docuimus, parvis differentem, eandem habet ad magnitudinem animi quae in magnis honoribus versatur, alia quae in parvo honore cernitur. Licet enim &amp; ut decet honorem gloriamque expetere, &amp; nimium &amp; parvum. Qui nimia cupiditate ducitur gloriae, is ambitiosus: qui non satis, vacuus ab honoris cupiditate appellatur: at qui modum tenet, vacat nomine. Atque etiam affectionibus nullum nomen impositum est, nisi quod ambitiosi propria est ambitio. Hinc extremi de vacua regione, quae intra fines eorum quasi media locata est, iudicio disceptant: estque cum nos eum qui modum tenet, ambitiosum: est cum eundem, abhorrentem ab omni honore n\u014dmin\u0113mus. Atque alias ambitiosum laudamus, <strong>[1108a]<\/strong> alias eum qui nullo honoris studio tenetur. Quod quam ob rem faciamus,dein explicabimus. Nunc nostro more disseramus de caeteris.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14232\" style=\"width: 173px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14232\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"173\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-743x1024.jpg 743w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-768x1059.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas-300x414.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Liberalitas.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 173px) 100vw, 173px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LIBERALITAS (Crispijn <a href=\"https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crispianus_Passaeus\">van de Passe I,<\/a> c. 1600)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-020\/#ad-nicomachum-filium-de-moribus-l-ii-020\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-018\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Conversaciones en el Atrium<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>EN CONSTRVCCION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-7044\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church-242x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"242\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church-827x1024.jpg 827w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church-768x951.jpg 768w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church-300x371.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Construction_of_a_church.jpg 1018w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #993300;\"><strong>EN CONSTRVCCION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-020\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-018\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea-l-ii-019\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ethica-nicomachea\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #800080;\">OFFIC\u012aNA PHILOSOPH\u014cRVM <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/officina-philosophorvm\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14232,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-14178","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14178"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14233,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/14178\/revisions\/14233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=14178"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=14178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}