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{"id":13987,"date":"2025-10-18T16:00:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T16:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=13987"},"modified":"2025-10-18T16:20:33","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T16:20:33","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-007","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-007\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 007"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ I<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 7<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Al t\u00e9rmino de su refutaci\u00f3n de los \u00abprimeros acusadores\u00bb, S\u00f3crates ha logrado hacer inteligible la acusaci\u00f3n oficial tal como decide interpretarla: el cargo de corrupci\u00f3n precede al cargo de impiedad y este no contiene referencia alguna a \u00ablas cosas de lo alto\u00bb y asuntos por el estilo. En cambio, hace que la acusaci\u00f3n de impiedad se exprese como: \u00abno cree en los dioses en quienes cree la ciudad, sino en otras cosas daim\u00f3nicas (\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1; <em>daimonia<\/em>) que son nuevas\u00bb. S\u00f3crates no nos ha preparado para los <em>daimonia<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Al acusarlo de corromper a los j\u00f3venes, el acusador <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meleto\">Meleto<\/a> afirma saber qu\u00e9 son la maldad y la bondad. Podr\u00eda pensarse que el conocimiento que S\u00f3crates tiene de la ignorancia implica que no sabe qu\u00e9 son la bondad y la maldad, y que los atenienses que creen saberlo est\u00e1n equivocados: \u00bfno es precisamente esta la corrupci\u00f3n de los j\u00f3venes de que se lo acusa, que al dudar \u00e9l mismo lleva a los j\u00f3venes a dudar de todo lo que los atenienses consideran bueno y malo? \u00bfNo es \u00e9l el \u00fanico corruptor (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-011\/\">25a9-10<\/a>)? Podr\u00eda decirse que, al negar la acusaci\u00f3n de corrupci\u00f3n, S\u00f3crates afirma saber qu\u00e9 son la maldad y la bondad y, por lo tanto, parece contradecir su declaraci\u00f3n de que su conocimiento es de poco o ning\u00fan valor. Sobre la base de lo que hemos aprendido hasta ahora, esta dificultad puede resolverse de dosmaneras: <strong>1)<\/strong> S\u00f3crates sostiene que ni \u00e9l ni nadie tienen conocimiento de las cosas m\u00e1s grandes (<a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-009\/\">22d5-8<\/a>); quiz\u00e1 la maldad y la bondad, en cuanto son pertinentes para el debate con Meleto, no se incluyan entre las cosas m\u00e1s grandes. <strong>2)<\/strong> Meleto afirma que S\u00f3crates infunde maldad a los j\u00f3venes al ense\u00f1arles a no creer en los dioses de la ciudad; la acusaci\u00f3n de corrupci\u00f3n, por lo tanto, puede reducirse a la acusaci\u00f3n de impiedad. M\u00e1s precisamente, esta \u00faltima significa lo siguiente: S\u00f3crates no cree en la existencia de los dioses en cuya existencia cree la ciudad. Meleto cae en la trampa tendida por S\u00f3crates cuando le pregunta si, en su opini\u00f3n, este es completamente ateo o se limita a negar a los dioses de la ciudad. Meleto no puede resistir la tentaci\u00f3n de decir que S\u00f3crates es un ateo total, y con ello contradice su propia acusaci\u00f3n, seg\u00fan la cual S\u00f3crates cree en ciertas cosas daim\u00f3nicas. Esta refutaci\u00f3n es tan hermosa porque abre una incertidumbre total acerca de si S\u00f3crates cree en los dioses de la ciudad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-006\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-007\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 7<\/span><\/h1>\n<p lang=\"en-GB\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">At the end of his refutation of the \u201cfirst accusers\u201d Socrates has succeeded in making intelligible the official accusation as he chooses to read it: the corruption charge precedes the impiety charge, and the impiety charge contains no reference to \u201cthe things aloft\u201d and the like. Instead he makes the impiety charge to read that \u201che does not believe in the gods in whom the city believes but in other daimonic things (\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1; <i>daimonia<\/i>) that are new.\u201d He has not prepared us for the <i>daimonia<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">By accusing Socrates of corrupting the young the accuser <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meletus\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Meletos<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\"> claims to know what <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">badness and goodness are.<\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> Socrates\u2019 knowledge of ignorance could be thought to imply that he does not know what goodness and badness are, and that the Athenians who believe that they know are mistaken: is not this precisely the corruption of the young of which he is accused <\/span><strong><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u2014<\/span><\/strong><span lang=\"en-GB\"> that, doubting himself, he makes the young doubt of what is held by all Athenians to be good and bad? is he not the sole <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">corruptor (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-011\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">25a9-10<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">)? One could say that <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\">in denying the corruption charge Socrates claims to know what badness and goodness are and hence seems to contradict his assertion that his knowledge is of little or no worth. This difficulty can be disposed of, on the basis of what we have learned hitherto, in two ways. <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>1<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>)<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> Socrates denies that he or anyone else possesses knowledge of the greatest things (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-009\/\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">22d5-8<\/span><\/a><span lang=\"en-GB\">); perhaps badness and goodness as pertinent to the discussion with Meletos do not belong to the greatest things. <\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>2<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><b>)<\/b><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"> Meletos asserts that Socrates makes the young bad by teaching them not to believe in the gods of the city; the corruption charge is therefore reducible to the impiety charge. The impiety charge means more precisely this: Socrates does not believe in the existence of those gods in whose existence the city believes. Meletos walks into a trap which Socrates laid by asking him whether according to him Socrates is altogether godless or merely a denier of the gods of the city; Meletos cannot resist the temptation to say that Socrates is a complete atheist and therewith to contradict his own indictment according to which Socrates believes in <\/span>c<span lang=\"en-GB\">ertain daimonic things. This refutation is so beautiful because it leaves entirely open whether Socrates believes in the gods of the city.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-006\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-007\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-008\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-006\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-007\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-13987","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13987"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14305,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13987\/revisions\/14305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=13987"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=13987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}