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{"id":13946,"date":"2025-10-06T23:43:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T23:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/?post_type=yada_wiki&#038;p=13946"},"modified":"2025-10-08T00:57:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T00:57:39","slug":"sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-004","status":"publish","type":"yada_wiki","link":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-004\/","title":{"rendered":"Sobre Apolog\u00eda y Crit\u00f3n Str\u016bthi\u014d 004"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u00abSobre la Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates y el Crit\u00f3n de Plat\u00f3n\u00bb \/ I<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"85\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939-300x376.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Leo_Strauss_USA_1939.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 85px) 100vw, 85px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d (1899-1973)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Versi\u014d hisp\u0101nica Aemili\u0101 Aquad\u012bt\u012b auctr\u012bce 4<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Como sabemos por S\u00f3crates, la audiencia estaba familiarizada con la primera acusaci\u00f3n por intermedio de <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Las_nubes\"><em>Las nubes<\/em><\/a> de <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arist%C3%B3fanes\">Arist\u00f3fanes<\/a>, que lo presentaba haciendo muchas cosas rid\u00edculas, de las cuales \u00e9l no entiende nada. S\u00f3crates no menosprecia este tipo de conocimiento \u2014lejos de ello\u2014, pero no lo posee. No deja tan en claro, como podr\u00eda haberlo hecho con facilidad, si considera un desatino rid\u00edculo o algo respetable el conocimiento pose\u00eddo por el S\u00f3crates aristof\u00e1nico. Por supuesto, guarda absoluto silencio acerca del hecho de que Arist\u00f3fanes lo ha presentado como si negara la existencia de los dioses. En consecuencia, pide al jurado, el cual est\u00e1 bajo el hechizo de un prejuicio inveterado, que se libere de este y crea en el testimonio de sus sentidos: deber\u00edan decirse unos a otros si alguna vez lo han o\u00eddo conversar sobre temas de esta \u00edndole, porque muchos de ellos lo han escuchado hablar en el mercado, junto a las mesas de los cambistas; sin embargo, S\u00f3crates tambi\u00e9n hablaba \u00aben otros lugares\u00bb, cuando muchos de ellos no lo o\u00edan (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-002\/\">17c7-9<\/a>). Con seguridad, su conocimiento sobre lo que S\u00f3crates conversaba no hab\u00eda hecho, hasta entonces, la m\u00e1s m\u00ednima mella en su prejuicio.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">S\u00f3crates dedica dos veces m\u00e1s de tiempo o espacio a refutar la acusaci\u00f3n o el rumor de que est\u00e1 ense\u00f1ando a otros, que a refutar el cargo de que investiga las cosas de debajo de la tierra y las cosas celestiales y de que hace m\u00e1s fuerte el discurso m\u00e1s d\u00e9bil, y ello, a pesar de que ese rumor no es un rumor generalizado. Procede tal como Jenofonte en los <em>Memorabilia<\/em>, que dedica mucho m\u00e1s espacio a refutar la incre\u00edble acusaci\u00f3n de corrupci\u00f3n que a refutar la m\u00e1s cre\u00edble acusaci\u00f3n de impiedad. El S\u00f3crates de Plat\u00f3n analiza el rumor de que intenta educar a los seres humanos y de que cobra dinero por ello. Una vez m\u00e1s, niega lisa y llanamente que sea cierto lo que se dice de \u00e9l; pero en esta ocasi\u00f3n no pide a los miembros del jurado que se pregunten unos a otros si alguna vez lo han o\u00eddo (o visto) tratar de educar a seres humanos y cobrar dinero por ello; tales transacciones pueden ser estrictamente privadas. Elogia la nobleza de lo que Gorgias, Pr\u00f3dico e Hipias \u2014\u00absofistas\u00bb extranjeros\u2014 hacen o intentan hacer, y muestra por qu\u00e9 su arte, que aspira a la producci\u00f3n de la virtud tanto del ser humano como del ciudadano, merece ser ensalzado. No menciona a Prot\u00e1goras. Y siembra ciertas dudas sobre la posibilidad de ese arte: no ha hecho lo mismo acerca de la posibilidad del estudio de las cosas de lo alto y otras an\u00e1logas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-005\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-003\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-004\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Le\u014dnard\u012b Str\u016bthi\u014dnis verba 4<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">As we learn from Socrates, the first accusation was familiar to his audience from Aristophanes\u2019 <em>Clouds<\/em> in which he was presented as doing many ridiculous things\u2014things of which he understands nothing. He does not despise this kind of knowledge\u2014far from it\u2014but he does not possess it. He does not make it as clear as he easily could have made it whether he regards the knowledge possessed by the Aristophanean Socrates as ridiculous non-sense or as respectable. He is of course completely silent about the fact that Aristophanes had presented him as denying the existence of the gods. Accordingly he asks the jury who are under the spell of an inveterate prejudice to free themselves from that prejudice by trusting the testimony of their senses: they should tell one another whether they have ever heard him conversing about subjects of this kind, for many of them have heard him talk in the market place, at the money changers\u2019 tables; yet Socrates also talked \u201celsewhere\u201d when he was not heard by many of them (cf. <a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/apologia-plato-002\/\">17c7-9<\/a>). Surely their knowledge of what Socrates conversed about had not hitherto made the slightest dent on their prejudice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Socrates devotes twice as much time, or space, to the refutation of the charge or the rumour that he is others as to the refutation of the charge that he investigates the things beneath the earth and the heavenly things and that he renders the weaker speech the stronger, and this despite the fact that that rumour is not a general rumour. He proceeds like Xenophon in the <em>Memorabilia<\/em>, who devotes much more space to the refutation of the incredible corruption charge than to the refutation of the more credible corruption charge than to the refutation of the more credible impiety charge. Plato\u2019s Socrates discusses the rumour according to which he attempts to educate human beings and charges money for it. Again he flatly denies the truth of what is said about him. But this time he does not ask the jury to tell one another whether they have ever heard (or seen) him attempting to educate human beings while charging money for it; such transactions may be strictly private. He praises what Gorgias, Prodikos and Hippias\u2014alien \u201csophists\u201d\u2014do or attempt to do, as noble, and he shows why their art aiming at the production of the virtue of the human being as well as of the citizen deserves being praised. He does not mention Protagoras. He casts some doubt on the possibility of that art: he had not cast any doubt on the possibility of the study of the things aloft and the like.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-005\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-003\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-004\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">I\u016bra<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">El texto en lengua inglesa fue publicado de manera p\u00f3stuma en un volumen en honor al prof. Jacob Klein: <em>Essais in Honor of Jacob Klein<\/em> (Annapol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Acad\u0113m\u012bae S\u0101nct\u012b I\u014dhannis MCMLXXVI). Aunque nosotros tomamos como base lo aparecido en una antolog\u00eda dedicada a escritos del prof. Str\u016bthi\u014d en ingl\u00e9s en 1983: <em>Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy<\/em> (Sicag\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d \u016aniversit\u0101tis Sicag\u012b MCMLXXXIII). La versi\u00f3n castellana es obra de Aemilia Aquad\u012bs, aparecida en la traducci\u00f3n del volumen mencionado anteriormente (Bon\u0101eropol\u012b, \u0113 Typographe\u014d Am\u014drrort\u012b MMVIII). La publicaci\u00f3n de estos fragmentos promueve la difusi\u00f3n en castellano de la obra del profesor Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d con fines acad\u00e9micos y de formaci\u00f3n. Conminamos a visitar su biblioteca m\u00e1s cercana o adquirir el volumen f\u00edsico en su librer\u00eda de confianza.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13330 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"146\" height=\"54\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/creative-commons-symbols.jpg 477w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 146px) 100vw, 146px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-005\/\">Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-003\/\">Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-apologia-y-criton-struthio-004\/\">Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/sobre-la-apologia-y-el-criton-struthio\/#indice-de-contenidos\">Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt; color: #808000;\">\u0112RVD\u012aTI\u014cRIBVS <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wiki\/ervditioribvs\/\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">***<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"wiki_cats":[],"wiki_tags":[],"class_list":["post-13946","yada_wiki","type-yada_wiki","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/yada_wiki"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13946"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13994,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yada_wiki\/13946\/revisions\/13994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"wiki_cats","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_cats?post=13946"},{"taxonomy":"wiki_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wiki_tags?post=13946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}