![\"\"](\"https:\/\/atriumphilosophicum.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/XenophonWOOD-205x300.jpg\")
Apolog\u00eda de S\u00f3crates<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n (10-13)<\/span><\/p>\n\n [10]<\/b><\/span> \u039f\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03bd\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f14\u03c6\u03b7 [\u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd],1<\/a><\/sup>JDGB: Hoc verbum omittit.<\/span><\/span> \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u1f74 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f00\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9 \u1f61\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f53\u03c2 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u1f21 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03b9, \u1f15\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u1f70 \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u1f30\u03c0\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd<\/span>\u00b7<\/span> [11]<\/b><\/span> \u1f08\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce, \u1f66 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u1f45\u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1f72 \u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03bf\u1f53\u03c2 \u1f21 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03c9<\/span>\u00b72<\/a><\/sup>JDGB: \u1f08\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce, \u1f66 \u1f04\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u1ff6\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u1f45 \u03c4\u1ff3 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u1f72<\/strong> \u03b3\u03bd\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03bf\u1f53\u03c2 \u1f21 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03c9.<\/span><\/span> \u1f10\u03c0\u03b5\u1f76 \u03b8\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03b3\u03ad \u03bc\u03b5 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f11\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f10\u03c0\u1f76 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03c9\u03bc\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u1f04\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u1f11\u03ce\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f78\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u1f30 \u1f10\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf. <\/span>[12]<\/b><\/span> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03b3\u03b5 \u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u1ff6\u03c2 \u1f02\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03b5\u1f30\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u1f74 \u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1 \u1f45 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u1f74 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd; \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03b8\u03cc\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f30\u03c9\u03bd\u1ff6\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f31 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f00\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9. \u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u1f70\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f72 \u1f00\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f22 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd \u1f22 \u03bc\u1f74 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9; \u1f21 \u03b4\u1f72 \u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u1fd6 \u1f10\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9 \u1f31\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b1\u1f50\u03c4\u1f74 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u1fc7 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9; <\/span>[13]<\/b><\/span> \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1f70 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u1f78\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78 \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u1f78 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u1fa7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf, \u1f65\u03c3\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1 \u1f10\u03b3\u03ce \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9, \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. \u1f00\u03bb\u03bb\u1fbd \u03bf\u1f31 \u03bc\u1f72\u03bd \u03bf\u1f30\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u1f7a\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u1f36\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f10\u03b3\u1f7c \u03b4\u1f72 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u1ff7 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03bf\u1f36\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u1f55\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u1f40\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f00\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u1f41\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u1f44\u03c1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd \u1f00\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u1ff6\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd. \u1f65\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5 \u03bc\u1f74\u03bd \u03bf\u1f50 \u03c8\u03b5\u03cd\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6\u03c4\u1fbd \u1f14\u03c7\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd<\/span>\u00b7<\/span> \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u03b3\u1f70\u03c1 \u03c4\u1ff6\u03bd \u03c6\u03af\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u1fd6\u03c2 \u03b4\u1f74 \u1f10\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f70 \u03c4\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u1fe6 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u1f50\u03b4\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n LSJ<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/b> Y seg\u00fan estas sus ideas, dijo Herm\u00f3genes<\/a>, cuando sus enemigos le acusaron de no reconocer los Dioses reconocidos por la Ciudad, sino de introducir otros demonios nuevos, y de pervertir a los j\u00f3venes, se adelant\u00f3 y dijo: [11]<\/b> \u00abVarones, lo que sobre todo me ha sorprendido en Meleto<\/a> es que haya podido pensar que no admito yo los Dioses que la Ciudad tiene por tales, cuando todos me han podido ver sacrificando en las fiestas solemnes y en los altares p\u00fablicos, y lo ha podido ver Meleto mismo, si lo hubiera querido. [12]<\/b> En cuanto a eso de que introduzco demonios nuevos, \u00bfc\u00f3mo deducirlo de que me parece o\u00edr en m\u00ed una voz que me indica lo que debo hacer? Porque los que se sirven de las voces de aves y de las palabras de los hombres, como de or\u00e1culos, se gu\u00edan evidentemente por voces. Nadie puede negar que el trueno sea una voz, y aun or\u00e1culo mayor que todos los de aves. Y \u00bfno se manifiesta la voluntad del Dios por medio de la sacerdotisa de Pithos.3<\/a><\/sup>En el texto griego, Pith\u00f3<\/i>, que es otro nombre de Delfos<\/a>. Pit<\/i>h\u00f3<\/i> (\u03a0\u03c5\u03b8\u03ce<\/a>) se relaciona con Pitia<\/a>, la sacerdotisa que serv\u00eda de or\u00e1culo<\/a>, y con Pit\u00f3n<\/a>, una serpiente o drag\u00f3n que viv\u00eda en el lugar. Pit\u00f3n deriva del verbo \u03c0\u03cd\u03b8\u03c9 (p\u00fdth\u014d), \u2018pudrirse\u2019.<\/span> sentada en su tr\u00edpode? [13]<\/strong> Pues bien: digo yo, y lo dicen y piensan todos, que ese Dios4<\/a><\/sup>Apolo<\/a>.<\/span> tiene el conocimiento del futuro y que lo revela a quien \u00e9l quiere. S\u00f3lo que unos llaman a esto augurios, voces, s\u00edmbolos, presagios, y yo lo llamo demonio; y al llamarlo as\u00ed pienso declararlo con mayor verdad y respeto que los de aquellos que adscriben a las aves el poder de los dioses. <\/span>Y la prueba de que yo no miento contra Dios es \u00e9sta: siempre que he anunciado a muchos de mis amigos los designios del Dios, jam\u00e1s se me ha cogido en mentira\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/b><\/span> Hermogenes<\/a> stated that with this resolve Socrates came before the jury after his adversaries had charged him with not believing in the gods worshipped by the state and with the introduction of new deities in their stead and with corruption of the young, and replied: <\/span>[11]<\/b><\/span> \u201cOne thing that I marvel at in Meletus<\/a>, gentlemen, is what may be the basis of his assertion that I do not believe in the gods worshipped by the state; for all who have happened to be near at the time, as well as Meletus himself,\u2014if he so desired, \u2014 have seen me sacrificing at the communal festivals and on the public altars. <\/span>[12]<\/b><\/span> As for introducing \u2018new divinities,\u2019 how could I be guilty of that merely in asserting that a voice of God is made manifest to me indicating my duty? Surely those who take their omens from the cries of birds and the utterances of men form their judgments on \u2018voices.\u2019 Will any one dispute either that thunder utters its \u2018voice,\u2019 or that it is an omen of the greatest moment? Does not the very priestess who sits on the tripod at Delphi divulge the go<\/span>d\u2019s<\/span> will through a \u2018voice\u2019? <\/span>[13]<\/b><\/span> But more than that, in regard to Go<\/span>d\u2019s<\/span> foreknowledge of the future and his forewarning thereof to whomsoever he will, these are the same terms, I assert, that all men use, and this is their belief. The only difference between them and me is that whereas they call the sources of their forewarning \u2018birds,\u2019 \u2018utterances,\u2019 \u2018chance meetings,\u2019 \u2018prophets,\u2019 I call mine a \u2018divine\u2019 thing;5<\/a><\/sup>Or \u00abdivine sign.\u00bb Here, as earlier, the mere adjective is used; but Plato’s Theages<\/em> (128d ss.) and Apology<\/em> (31d<\/a>) this admonitory something is described as a voice sent by heavenly dispensation, and is calle variously \u201cthe sign\u201d (Plat., Apol.<\/em>, 41d<\/a>), \u201cthe usual sign\u201d (Plat., Apol.<\/em>, 40c<\/a>), \u201cthe divine sign\u201d (Plat., Rep<\/em>., 496c), \u201cthe usual divine sign\u201d (Plat., Euthyd.<\/em>, 272e; Plat., Phaedr<\/em>., 242b; \u201cthe sign from God\u201d (Plat., Apol<\/em>. 40b<\/a>), \u201csomething God-sent and divine\u201d (Plat., Apol<\/em>., 31d<\/a>). Plato reports Socrates\u2019 description of this as a voice not directing his actions but serving only as a deterrent when he or his friends were contemplating doing something inadvisable.<\/span><\/span> and I think that in using such a term I am speaking with more truth and deeper religious feeling than do those who ascribe the gods\u2019 power to birds. Now that I do not lie against God I have the following proof: I have revealed to many of my friends the counsels which God has given me, and in no instance has the event shown that I was mistaken.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad indicem<\/a><\/p>\n EN CONSTRVCCION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n EN CONSTRVCCION<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Perge ad sequ\u0113ns caput<\/a><\/p>\n Redde ad prius caput<\/a><\/p>\n Perge ad initium paginae huius<\/a><\/p>\n\u1f08\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 005<\/span><\/h1>\n
Apologia S\u014dcratis 005<\/span><\/h1>\n
Apology of Socrates 005<\/h1>\n
Conversaciones en el \u0100trium Philosophicum<\/span><\/h1>\n
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