Parte de:<\/span><\/p>\n \u00bfQu\u00e9 es la Filosof\u00eda Pol\u00edtica? \/ III. Las soluciones Modernas<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Por Le\u014dnardus Str\u016bthi\u014d<\/span><\/p>\n\n In Machiavelli\u2019<\/span>s<\/span> teaching we have the first example of a spectacle which has renewed itself in almost every generation since. A fearless thinker seems to have opened up a depth from which the classics, in their noble simplicity, recoiled. As a matter of fact, there is in the whole work of Machiavelli not a single true observation regarding the nature of man and of human affairs with which the classics were not thoroughly familiar.<\/span> An amazing contraction of the horizon presents itself as an amazing enlargement of the horizon. How can we account for this delusion? By Machiavelli\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>time the classical tradition had undergone profound changes. The contemplative life had found its home in monasteries. Moral virtue <\/span>had been transfigured into Christian charity. Through this, man\u2019<\/span>s <\/span>responsibility to his fellow men and for his fellow men, his fellow creatures, had been infinitely increased.<\/span> Concern with the salvation of men\u2019s immortal souls seemed to permit, nay, to require courses of action which would have appeared to the classics, and which did appear to Machiavelli, to be inhuman and cru<\/span>el:<\/span> Machiavelli speaks of the pious <\/span>cruelty<\/span> of Ferdinand of Aragon, and by implication of the inquisition, in expelling the <\/span>Mar<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span>n<\/span>os<\/span><\/a> from Spain. Machiavelli was the only non-Jew of his age who expressed this view. He seems to have diagnosed the great evils of religious persecution as a necessary consequence of the Christian principle, and ultimately of the Biblical principle. He tended to believe that a considerable increase in man\u2019<\/span>s<\/span> inhumanity was the unintended but not surprising consequence of ma<\/span>n\u2019s<\/span> aiming too high.<\/span> Let us lower our goals so that we shall not be forced to commit any bestialiti<\/span>e<\/span>s which are not evidently required for the preservation of soci<\/span>e<\/span>ty and of freedom. Let us replace charity by calculation, by a kind of utilitarianism <\/span>avant la lettre<\/i><\/span><\/a>. Let us revise all traditional goals from this point of view. <\/span>I<\/span> would then suggest that the narrowing of the horizon which Machiavelli was the first to <\/span>ef<\/span>fect, was caused, or at least facilitated, by anti-theological <\/span>ire<\/span>\u2014<\/span><\/strong>a passion which we can understand but of which we cannot approve.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Next paragraph<\/a><\/p>\n Previous paragraph<\/a><\/p>\n En las ense\u00f1anzas de Maquiavelo <\/span>encontramos el primer de un espect\u00e1culo que ha sabido renovarse en casi todas las <\/span>generaciones posteriores<\/span>. <\/span>Un pensador intr\u00e9pido parece haber abierto un abismo ante el cual los cl\u00e1sicos, en su noble simplicidad, retrocedieron. De hecho, no existe en toda la obra de Maquiavelo una sola observaci\u00f3n verdadera concerniente a la la naturaleza del hombre o sobre los asuntos humanos con la que los cl\u00e1sicos no estuvieran minuciosamente familiarizados. <\/span>Una asombrosa contracci\u00f3n del horizonte suele presentarse como una asombrosa ampliaci\u00f3n del horizonte. \u00bfC\u00f3mo podemos explicar este enga\u00f1o? A la altura de los tiempos de Maquiavelo la tradici\u00f3n cl\u00e1sica hab\u00eda experimentado profundos cambios. La vida contemplativa hab\u00eda hecho de los monasterios su hogar. La virtud moral hab\u00eda sido transmutada en caridad cristiana. <\/span>A ra\u00edz de estas transformaciones, los compromisos y la responsabilidad del hombre para con sus semejantes <\/span>\u2014<\/span>para con las otras criaturas de igual dignidad<\/span>\u2014<\/span> hab\u00edan aumentado de manera exponencial. <\/span>La preocupaci\u00f3n por la salvaci\u00f3n de las almas inmortales de los hombres parec\u00eda permitir, m\u00e1s a\u00fan, exigir, cursos de acci\u00f3n que habr\u00edan parecido a los cl\u00e1sicos, y que le parecieron a Maquiavelo, inhumanos y crueles. <\/span>Maquiavelo habla de la piadosa crueldad de Fernando de Arag\u00f3n <\/span>\u2014<\/span>y por implicaci\u00f3n, de la inquisici\u00f3n<\/span>\u2014 <\/span>al expulsar a los <\/span>marranos<\/i><\/span><\/a> de Espa\u00f1a.1<\/a><\/sup>Por la expresi\u00f3n, el profe Leo est\u00e1 pensando en los jud\u00edos en general, inclu\u00eddos los conversos, expulsados por Chabelita y Fer. El t\u00e9rmino y la forma \u00abmarannos\u00bb refiere a ese giro, similar al\u00a0 del texto de Carey<\/a>.<\/span> <\/span>Maquiavelo fue en su \u00e9poca el \u00fanico no jud\u00edo en expresar este punto de vista. Parece haber diagnosticado los grandes males de la persecuci\u00f3n religiosa como una consecuencia necesaria del principio cristiano y, a fin de cuentas, del principio b\u00edblico. Tend\u00eda a creer que un considerable aumento en la inhumanidad del hombre era la consecuencia no deseada, pero no por ello poco sorprendente, de <\/span>que el hombre apuntase demasiado alto.<\/span> Perm\u00edtasenos<\/span> reducir la altura de nuestras metas \u2014<\/span>expresar\u00eda el florentino<\/span>\u2014 para no vernos forzados a cometer atrocidades que no s<\/span>e<\/span>a<\/span>n <\/span>evidentemente imprescindibles<\/span> necesarias para la conservaci\u00f3n de la sociedad y de la libertad. Sustituyamos la caridad por un c\u00e1lculo, <\/span>por un tipo de utilitarismo<\/span> avant la lettre<\/i><\/span>.2<\/a><\/sup>\u00bfNo es miembro de la francofon\u00eda? Descubra aqu\u00ed<\/a>.<\/span> <\/span>Revisemos todas las metas tradicionales aplicando este punto de vista. Yo sugerir\u00eda, <\/span>pues<\/span>, que <\/span>el estrechamiento del horizonte <\/span>que Maquiavelo fue el primero en <\/span>efectuar, fue causado, o por lo menos facilitado, por una ira antiteol\u00f3gica <\/span>\u2014<\/span>una pasi\u00f3n que podemos llegar a entender aunque no podemos aprobar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Siguiente p\u00e1rrafo<\/a><\/p>\n P\u00e1rrafo anterior<\/a><\/p>\n Ir al inicio de esta entrada<\/a><\/p>\nLe<\/span>\u014d<\/span>nard<\/span>\u012b<\/span> Str\u016bt<\/span>h<\/span>i<\/span>\u012b<\/span> verba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
Hisp<\/span>\u0101<\/span>nice<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n